Retirement Income For Life , livre ebook

The title page shows the title of the book and the author's name 'Retirement Income for Life: Getting More without Saving More by Frederick Vettese' in gold and black type. A bar graph sits below the type, each bar progressively higher than the last. The bars are made our of pieces of a Canadian 100 dollar bill. The x-axis of the graph says 'National Bestseller.' and the words 'Completely Revised and Updated' appears at the top of the graphic.


Retirement Income for Life
Getting More without Saving More
Frederick Vettese




Contents Dedication Preface Introduction Part I Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Part II Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Part III Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Part IV Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Acknowledgements Endnotes Index About the Author Copyright


Dedication
To my father, Mario, whose legacy will live on for decades to come.


Preface
Decades ago, a mentor taught me that the urge to edit is stronger than the sex drive. It helps to explain why I felt the need to revise Retirement Income for Life a mere two years after its initial release.
In fact, there were many valid reasons to embark on this revision. First, it was necessary to address what turned out to be the most common situation: readers who were still a few years away from retirement wanted to know how they could improve their financial situation in the time they had left. This scenario wasn’t explicitly covered in the original book.
Second, I felt inclined to reorganize the chapters into a more logical sequence. We actuaries are nothing if not logical. I also added chapters to address special situations, such as high-net-worth couples, early retirees, single retirees, and early death.
Finally, it was important to reflect some significant developments since the release of the first book. These include the impact of the expanded Canada Pension Plan and the possible introduction of deferred annuities that start at age 85. The biggest development, however, appears to be the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. I say “appears to be” since it was still in its early stages as I was completing the manuscript.
In spite of the changes, the five enhancements, which made up the core of the original book, are still intact, although not without some refinements. Ultimately, this new edition is not just a revision; it is more of a reboot, one that I hope will continue to help readers.
Frederick Vettese, April 2020


Introduction
My first lesson in spending came at the age of four, when I frequently took money out of my mother’s purse to buy candy at the local convenience store. (How I got to the store on my own is another story.) Sometimes it would be just a nickel or a dime, but I wouldn’t hesitate to grab a five-dollar bill if there was no loose change.
I didn’t get away with it, though. My mother or father would get a call from the store saying that little Freddie had come in to buy a five-cent chocolate bar. They would tell the store owner to give me what I wanted and send me home.
My older brother, who was all of six at the time, cautioned that if I kept up my profligate ways, the family would run out of money. There is no evidence that I heeded his warning, which frankly sounded a little alarmist to me even then. Nevertheless, my parents eventually made their money less accessible, which put an end to my shopping expeditions.
I learned two things from this experience: First, it is easier to spend someone else’s money than one’s own, a privilege I have rarely been able to repeat since age four. Second, I needed a better strategy if I wanted my spending to be sustainable. This book offers such a strategy, though it is geared more for retirees than for four-year-olds.
Drawing down one’s savings in retirement is something very few retirees do well, even with the help of professional advisors. Some retirees outlive their money. An even greater number systematically underspend for fear of outliving their money. And many retirees from both camps waste a substantial part of their wealth by employing inefficient drawdown strategies or spending more than necessary on investment fees.
There are several reasons for this sorry state of affairs. First, drawing an income from one’s savings was not a mainstream issue until recently. Most of the retirement planning literature to date has focused on the task of accumulating money rather than decumulating it. Even the latest robo-advisors, which automate investing (more on this in Chapter 27), seem to be more focused on helping people build their nest eggs, not spend them. With over one thousand Canadians turning 65 every day, however, the cultivation of good decumulation practices has become an urgent matter.
Second, it seems nobody wants to see retirees drawing down their savings — certainly not the financial advisor who takes a percentage of their assets each year. Nor do retirees’ children, who might fear that they will (a) receive no inheritance or (b) have to support their aged parents in their later years. As for the person who is most aggrieved at seeing wealth diminish — well, it’s the retiree. A declining account balance makes one feel financially vulnerable and this becomes an ongoing source of existentialist angst. As I note in Chapter 12, drawing down one’s assets in retirement is a stark reminder not only of our dwindling influence in this life but also of our own mortality.
If you have significant savings, I have no doubt that the strategies described here will put you in a stronger position to cope with another financial meltdown such as the one we experienced in 2008, or the one that may be unfolding in 2020. Even if the capital markets behave themselves in the years to come — and let’s all hope they do — you can still look forward to more income with less anxiety.


Part I Identifying the Decumulation Problem
Part I shows that turning a nest egg into a regular stream of income is more difficult than it looks, even when you follow a well-accepted decumulation strategy. A retiring couple called the Thompsons do everything “by the book” and still run out of money. I take them through some basic adjustments to their strategy to get them ready for the enhancements in Part II.


Chapter 1 Who Should Read This Book?
Target Audience
Most retirement books focus on the accumulation phase, meaning that they help you to decide how much to save and how to invest as you build your nest egg. In this book, I assume that the reader’s accumulation phase is over or nearly over. Rather than salting away more money for retirement, your primary concern is to turn the savings you already have into a steady income stream that will last for the rest of your life.
I am assuming that you have already accumulated significant savings, meaning at least a six-figure amount. For the most part, this money will be held in tax-sheltered vehicles like RRSPs , TFSAs , and defined contribution (DC) pension plans , but some of it could also be stashed away in investment properties, equity in a small business, and bank accounts and stocks that you might be holding outside of any tax-sheltered vehicle.
RRSP stands for Registered Retirement Savings Plan. Contributions made to an RRSP are tax-deductible, and investment income earned is tax-deferred. Income tax is payable only if an amount is withdrawn from an RRSP and taken into income.
Unlike an RRSP, contributions to a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) are not tax-deductible. They are nevertheless attractive because the investment income as well as any withdrawals are never subject to income tax.
A defined contribution (DC) pension plan is a plan you access through your workplace in which money is put aside for retirement. Contributions are usually made by the employees (you) by payroll deduction and the employer makes matching contributions. The money in a DC Pension Plan earns tax-deferred investment income during the accumulation phase.
While you might have earned some pension benefits in a defined benefit (DB) pension plan , I’m assuming that is not the main source of your retirement income. If it were, you wouldn’t really need this book.
Defined benefit (DB) pension plans are workplace arrangements that provide a predictable amount of pension income that does not depend on investment results or how long one lives. The lucky participants of DB plans are sheltered from a great deal of risk.
You might have retired five years ago and be wondering whether you are drawing too little or too much from your savings. Alternatively, your retirement might still be a few years off and you want to know (a) what type of lifestyle you’ll be able to afford and (b) what changes you need to make in your last few years of work to improve your situation in case you don’t like the answer to (a). Finally, you might want to know if you can afford to retire earlier or if you have to push your retirement date back.
Know What You Want
If this book is going to be useful to you, it is important that you truly understand what you want your retirement savings to do for you. This may seem obvious but based on the behaviour of most retirees, what they say they want is dif