Gerald of Wales , livre ebook

GERALD OF WALES
GERALD OF WALES
New Perspectives on a Medieval Writer and Critic
Edited by Georgia Henley and A. Joseph McMullen
© The Contributors, 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.
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ISBN 978-1-78683-163-7 (hardback)
978-1-78683-164-4 (paperback)
e-ISBN 978-1-78683-166-8
The right of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Cover image: From Gerald of Wales’s Topographia Hibernica, illustrating a travelling priest approached by an exiled man of Ossory transformed into a wolf. British Library, Royal MS 13 B. viii, f. 17v; reproduced by permission of the British Library. Cover design: Olwen Fowler
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
List of Illustrations
Notes on Contributors
1 Gerald of Wales: Interpretation and Innovation in Medieval Britain Georgia Henley and A. Joseph McMullen
Section 1: Appropriating the Past
2 Gerald of Wales and the Welsh Past Huw Pryce
3 Gerald and Welsh Genealogical Learning Ben Guy
4 Gerald of Wales, Walter Map and the Anglo-Saxon History of Lydbury North Joshua Byron Smith
Section 2: Gerald the Writer: Manuscripts and Authorship
5 Gerald of Wales and the History of Llanthony Priory Robert Bartlett
6 The Early Manuscripts of Gerald of Wales Catherine Rooney
7 Giraldian Beavers: Revision and the Making of Meaning in Gerald’s Early Works Michael Faletra
8 Style, Truth and Irony: Listening to the Voice of Gerald of Wales’s Writings Simon Meecham-Jones
Section 3: Gerald the Thinker: Religion and Worldview
9 Gerald of Wales’s Sense of Humour Peter J. A. Jones
10 Fere tirannicus : Royal Tyranny and the Construction of Episcopal Sanctity in Gerald of Wales’s Vita Sancti Hugonis Peter Raleigh
11 ‘A Priest Is Not a Free Person’: Condemning Clerical Sins and Upholding Higher Moral Standards in the Gemma ecclesiastica Suzanne LaVere
12 Elements of Identity: Gerald, the Humours and National Characteristics Owain Nash
Section 4: Reception in England, Ireland and Wales
13 Gerald’s Circulation and Reception in Wales: The Case of Claddedigaeth Arthur Georgia Henley
14 The Transmission of the Expugnatio Hibernica in Fifteenth-century Ireland Caoimhe Whelan
15 Did the Tudors Read Giraldus? Gerald of Wales and Early Modern Polemical Historiography Brendan Kane
Afterword
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
The editors are very grateful to Harvard University’s Department of Celtic Languages and Literatures, the Standing Committee on Medieval Studies, the Friends of Harvard Celtic Studies, the Provostial Fund Committee for the Arts and Humanities, and S ententiae: The Harvard Undergraduate Journal of Medieval Studies , for their generous support of the conference which first united this group of scholars under one roof in April 2015. We owe a debt of gratitude to the faculty, staff and students of Harvard’s Department of Celtic Languages and Literatures, especially Professor Catherine McKenna, Mary Violette and Steven Duede, for their very kind assistance. We thank the conference attendees and speakers who do not appear in this volume but who nevertheless shaped it with their enthusiastic participation and comments: Christopher Berard, Ann and Charlie Heymann, Stephen Jones, Lindsey Panxhi, Joel Pattison, Diarmuid Scully, Victoria Shirley, and many others. We are grateful to our anonymous reviewer and to the staff at University of Wales Press (particularly Bethan Phillips, Elin Lewis, Sarah Lewis and Dafydd Jones) for their careful attention and guidance, and to Paul Russell for his gracious assistance. We thank the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Dean’s Office at the University of Connecticut and the Friends of Harvard Celtic Studies for their generous support of the colour images in the volume.
Abbreviations
Catalogus
Catalogus brevior librorum suorum (‘A Catalogue of his Shorter Works’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/1 (London, 1861)
De invectionibus
(‘On Shameful Attacks’), in W. S. Davies (ed.), ‘The Book of Invectives of Giraldus Cambrensis’, Y Cymmrodor, 30 (1920), 1–248
De iure
De iure et statu Menevensis ecclesiae (‘On the Rights and Status of the Church of St Davids’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/3 (London, 1863)
De principis instructione
(‘Instruction for a Ruler’), in G. F. Warner (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/8 (London, 1891)
De rebus
De rebus a se gestis (‘On The Things He Has Achieved’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/1 (London, 1861)
Descriptio
Descriptio Kambriae (‘Description of Wales’), in J. F. Dimock (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/6 (London, 1868)
Epistola ad capitulum
Epistola ad capitulum Herefordense (‘Letter to the Chapter at Hereford’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/1 (London, 1861)
Expugnatio
Expugnatio Hibernica (‘Conquest of Ireland’), in A. B. Scott and F. X. Martin (ed. and trans.), Expugnatio Hibernica: The Conquest of Ireland, by Giraldus Cambrensis (Dublin, 1978)
Gemma ecclesiastica
(‘The Jewel of the Church’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/2 (London, 1862)
Itinerarium
Itinerarium Kambriae (‘Journey Through Wales’), in J. F. Dimock (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/6 (London, 1868)
Retractationes
(‘Retractions’), J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/1 (London, 1861)
Speculum duorum
(‘A Mirror of Two Men’), in Yves Lefèvre and R. B. C. Huygens (eds), Brian Dawson (trans.) and Michael Richter (gen. ed.), Giraldus Cambrensis: Speculum Duorum, or A Mirror of Two Men, Preserved in the Vatican Library in Rome, Cod. Reg. Lat. 470 (Cardiff, 1974)
Speculum ecclesiae
(‘A Mirror of the Church’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/4 (London, 1873)
Symbolum electorum
(‘A Collection of Choice Works’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/1 (London, 1861)
Topographia
Topographia Hibernica (‘Topography of Ireland’), in J. F. Dimock (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/5 (London, 1867)
Vita Davidis
Vita Sancti Davidis (‘The Life of St David’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/3 (London, 1863)
Vita Ethelberti
Vita Sancti Ethelberti (‘The Life of St Ethelbert’), in M. R. James (ed.), ‘Two Lives of St. Ethelbert, King and Martyr’, English Historical Review, 32 (1917), 214–44
Vita Galfridi
Vita Galfridi Archiepiscopi Eboracensis (‘Life of Geoffrey, Archbishop of York’), in J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/4 (London, 1873)
Vita Hugonis
Vita Sancti Hugonis (‘The Life of St Hugh’), in Richard M. Loomis (ed. and trans.), The Life of St. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln 1186–2000 (New York, 1985)
Vita Remigii
Vita Sancti Remigii (‘The Life of St Remigius’), in J. F. Dimock (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, 8/7 (London, 1877)
Illustrations
1a. Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R. 7. 11, fol. 72r, b1–16 (Hand 1). Reproduced by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
1b. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B. 483, fol. 17v, b22–36 (Hand 2). Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries, The University of Oxford
2. Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. Lat. 470, fol. 69r, lines 1–13 (Hand 3). © 2017 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Reproduced by permission of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, with all rights reserved
3a. Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. Lat. 470, fol. 84r, a19–27 (Hand 4). © 2017 Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Reproduced by permission of Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, with all rights reserved
3b. Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R. 7. 11, fol. 61r, b1–16 (Hand 5). Reproduced by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
4a. London, Lambeth Palace Library, MS 236, fol. 114v (Hand 6). Reproduced by permission of Lambeth Palace Library
4b. London, British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius B. xiii, fol. 68v, a1–17 (Hand 6). Reproduced by permission of the British Library
5. Palaeographical connections between the early manuscripts of Gerald of Wales
6. London, Lambeth Palace Library, Carew Papers, vol. 626, fols 75v–76r. Reproduced by permission of Lambeth Palace Library
Notes on Contributors
Robert Bartlett is the Wardlaw Professor of Mediaeval History Emeritus at the University of St Andrews. He is the author of Gerald of Wales, 1146–1223 (Oxford, 1982). He is also known for the critically acclaimed The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950–1350 (Princeton, 1993) as well as his extensive research on medieval cults of saints and English history from the Norman Conquest to the fourteenth century. His most recent works include a survey of Christian saints’ cults Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation (Princeton, 2013) and the Wiles Lectures, The Natural and the Supernatural in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 2008).
Michael Faletra is Professor of English and Humanities at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he teaches the literatures of mediev