Health Psychology , livre ebook

Health Psychology

 
Health Psychology

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mel Reed
 
Bev Lloyd
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
w ww. e d t e c h p r e s s . co . u k

 
 
 
 
 
www.edtechpress.co.uk
 
Published by ED-Tech Press,
54 Sun Street, Waltham Abbey Essex,
United Kingdom, EN9 1EJ
 
 
 
 2018 by ED-Tech Press
 
Reprinted 2020
 
 
 
 
Health Psychology
Mel Reed and Bev Lloyd
 
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-83947-410-1
 
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preface   xiii
 
Chapter 1   Health Psychology: An Introduction ........................ 1
 
Overview   2
 
Clinical Health Psychology (ClHP)   2
 
Public Health Psychology (PHP)   3
 
Community Health Psychology (CoHP)   3
 
Critical Health Psychology (CrHP)   3
 
Origins and Development   4
 
Objectives   5
 
The Effects of Disease   7
 
Applications   8
 
Training .............................................. 10
 
Impact of Health on Intelligence ............................ 10
 
Nutrition   11
 
Toxins ............................................... 14
 
Alcohol and Drugs ...................................... 14
 
Health Care during Pregnancy and Childbirth ................... 15
 
Stress ................................................ 15
 
Infectious Diseases ...................................... 15
 
Tropical Infectious Diseases ............................... 16
 
Effects of other Diseases .................................. 16
 
Hospitals: Environmental and Public Health Issues ............... 17
 
Integrated Health, Safety and Environmental Programmes .......... 17
 
Goals ................................................ 18
 
Plan ................................................. 19

vi
 
 
Methodology   19
 
Results   20
 
Laboratories   20
 
Mercury   20
 
Training the Workers   21
 
Conclusions   21
 
Hospital Waste Management   21
 
Classification of Hospital Wastes   22
 
Group I Wastes   22
 
Group II Wastes   23
 
Group III Wastes   23
 
Group IV Wastes   25
 
Other Wastes   25
 
Internal Transport and Storage of Wastes   25
 
Liquid Wastes: Biological and Chemical   26
 
Liquid Biological Wastes   26
 
Liquid Chemical Wastes   27
 
Mixtures of Chemical and Biological Liquid Wastes   27
 
Disposal of Sharp and Pointed Instruments   28
 
Staff Training   28
 
Waste Management Committee   29
 
Implementing the Plan   29
 
Chapter 2   Health Psychology and Theories .......................... 30
 
Biopsychosocial Health   30
 
Theories on Health Behaviours   30
 
Health Belief Model   30
 
Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour Theory   31
 
Learning Theories/Classical Conditioning   31
 
Social Cognitive Theory   31
 
Transtheoretical Model   32
 
Precaution Adoption Process Model   32
 
Health Psychology – The Psychology of Weight Management   32
 
Consult with a Psychologist to Help with Weight Control   33
 
Weight Loss – Changing from Within   33
 
Social Cognitive Theory   34
 
Current status   35
 
Overview   36
 
Theoretical Foundations   37
 
Theoretical Components   38
 
Applications   40
 
Mass Communication   40

vii
 
 
Morality .............................................. 42
 
Limitations ............................................ 42
 
Theory of Planned Behaviour .............................. 43
 
History .............................................. 43
 
Concepts of Key Variables ................................ 45
 
Conceptual/Operational Comparison ......................... 45
 
Model ............................................... 47
 
Formula .............................................. 47
 
Evaluation of the Theory .................................. 48
 
Applications of the Theory ................................ 49
 
Important Steps in Application of the Theory ................... 51
 
The Theory of Planned Behaviour ........................... 52
 
Theory of Planned Behaviour Variables ....................... 52
 
Theory of Planned Behaviour and Physical Activity Research ....... 54
 
Elicitation Studies ....................................... 54
 
Using Theory for Practice ................................. 55
 
Theory Limitations ...................................... 56
 
Explaining Health Behaviours .............................. 57
 
History and Orientation ................................... 57
 
Core Assumptions and Statements ........................... 58
 
Scope and Application ................................... 59
 
Health Belief Model ..................................... 60
 
History .............................................. 60
 
Theoretical Constructs ................................... 61
 
Empirical Support ....................................... 63
 
Applications ........................................... 64
 
Limitations ............................................ 64
 
Health Belief Model Theory ............................... 65
 
Health Protection ....................................... 67
 
Influencing and Predicting Behaviour ........................ 68
 
History and Orientation ................................... 68
 
Core Assumptions and Statements ........................... 68
 
Conceptual Model ...................................... 69
 
Scope and Application ................................... 69
 
Example ............................................. 69
 
Protection Motivation Theory .............................. 69
 
Transtheoretical Model ................................... 71
 
History and Core Constructs ............................... 72
 
Processes of Change ..................................... 74
 
Outcomes of Programmes ................................. 79
 
Criticisms ............................................ 83
 
The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) ................. 85

viii
 
Limitations of the Transtheoretical Model ..................... 87
 
Social Norms Theory .................................... 87
 
Self-regulation Theory ................................... 89
 
History and Contributors .................................. 90
 
Research ............................................. 91
 
Applications and Examples ................................ 92
 
Criticisms/Challenges .................................... 93
 
Chapter 3   Health Promotion and Illness Prevention ................... 94
 
Defining Health Promotion and Disease Prevention .............. 94
 
Health Promotion ....................................... 95
 
History .............................................. 95
 
Workplace ............................................ 96
 
Entities and Projects by Country ............................ 97
 
International and Multinational ............................. 98
 
Ireland ............................................... 99
 
The Difference between Health Promotion and Disease Prevention .. 102
 
Disease Prevention ..................................... 103
 
Health Promotion ...................................... 103
 
Behaviour, Health-Related ................................ 104
 
Definitions of Health Behaviour ............................ 105
 
Understanding and Improving Health Behaviour ................ 109
 
Theoretical Models of Health Behaviour ...................... 109
 
Important Cross-Cutting Issues and Constructs ................. 110
 
Implications for Public Health   111
 
Make a Healthy-Habit Change   111
 
Healthy Eating: Changing Your Eating Habits ................. 114
 
Behavioral Therapy ..................................... 115
 
Types of Behavioral Therapy .............................. 115
 
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ...........................