Canon Debate , livre ebook

© 2002 by Lee Martin McDonald and James A. Sanders
Published by Baker Academic division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com
Ebook edition created 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
ISBN 978-1-4412-4163-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Part One: Introduction
1. Introduction
Lee Martin McDonald and James A. Sanders
Part Two: The Old/First Testament Canon
2. The Notion and Definition of Canon
Eugene Ulrich
3. The Jewish Scriptural Canon in Cultural Perspective
Philip R. Davies
4. The Formation of the Hebrew Bible Canon: Isaiah as a Test Case
Joseph Blenkinsopp
5. The Septuagint: The Bible of Hellenistic Judaism
Albert C. Sundberg Jr.
6. Questions of Canon Viewed through the Dead Sea Scrolls
James C. VanderKam
7. Josephus and His Twenty-Two Book Canon
Steve Mason
8. Origins of a Tripartite Old Testament Canon
Julio C. Trebolle Barrera
9. Jamnia Revisited
Jack P. Lewis
10. The Rabbis’ Bible: The Canon of the Hebrew Bible and the Early Rabbinic Guild
Jack N. Lightstone
11. The Scriptures of Jesus and His Earliest Followers
Craig A. Evans
12. The Old Testament Apocrypha in the Early Church and Today
Daniel J. Harrington, S.J.
13. The Pseudepigrapha in the Early Church
William Adler
14. The Codex and Canon Consciousness
Robert A. Kraft
15. The Status of the Masoretic Text in Modern Text Editions of the Hebrew Bible: The Relevance of Canon
Emanuel Tov
16. The Issue of Closure in the Canonical Process
James A. Sanders
Part Three: The New/Second Testament Canon
17. The New Testament Canon: Recent Research and the Status Quaestionis
Harry Y. Gamble
18. Factors Leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon: A Survey of Some Recent Studies
Everett Ferguson
19. Reflections on Jesus and the New Testament Canon
William R. Farmer
20. Marcion Revisited
John Barton
21. Gnosticism and the Christian Bible
Pheme Perkins
22. Evidence for an Early Christian Canon (Second and Third Century)
Peter Balla
23. The New Testament Canon of Eusebius
Everett R. Kalin
24. The Muratorian Fragment and the Origins of the New Testament Canon
Geoffrey Mark Hahneman
25. Identifying Scripture and Canon in the Early Church: The Criteria Question
Lee Martin McDonald
26. The Problem of Pseudonymity in Biblical Literature and Its Implications for Canon Formation
Kent D. Clarke
27. The Greek New Testament as a Codex
Daryl D. Schmidt
28. Issues in the Interrelation of New Testament Textual Criticism and Canon
Eldon Jay Epp
29. The Canonical Structure of Gospel and Apostle
François Bovon
30. The Significance of a Canonical Perspective of the Church’s Scripture
Robert W. Wall
31. The Once and Future New Testament
Robert W. Funk
32. Has the Canon a Continuing Function?
James D. G. Dunn
Appendixes
A. Primary Sources for the Study of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible Canon
Lee Martin McDonald
B. Primary Sources for the Study of the New Testament Canon
Lee Martin McDonald
C. Lists and Catalogues of Old Testament Collections
Lee Martin McDonald
D. Lists and Catalogues of New Testament Collections
Lee Martin McDonald

Select Bibliography
Index of Subjects
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient and Medieval Sources
1. Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
2. Apocrypha of the Old Testament
3. New Testament
4. Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
5. Writings from the Judean Desert
6. Rabbinic Literature and Targumim
7. Writings from Nag Hammadi
8. Other Ancient and Medieval Writings
Notes
Contributors
William Adler is professor of early Christianity and Judaism in the Department of Philosophy and Religion, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Peter Balla is professor of New Testament studies at the Faculty of Theology, Károli Gáspár Reformed University, Budapest.
John Barton is Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture in the University of Oxford.
Joseph Blenkinsopp is John A. O’Brien Professor of Old Testament Studies emeritus at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana.
François Bovon is Frothingham Professor of the History of Religion at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Kent D. Clarke is associate professor of New Testament at Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia.
Philip R. Davies is professor of biblical studies at the University of Sheffield and editorial director of Sheffield Academic Press.
James D. G. Dunn is Lightfoot Professor of Divinity in the University of Durham.
Eldon Jay Epp is Harkness Professor of Biblical Literature emeritus and Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences emeritus at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and currently resides in Lexington, Massachusetts.
Craig A. Evans is Payzant Distinguished Professor of New Testament at Acadia Divinity College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.
The late William R. Farmer was professor of New Testament at the University of Dallas, Irving, Texas.
Everett Ferguson is distinguished scholar in residence at Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas.
Robert W. Funk is director of the Westar Institute in Santa Rosa, California.
Harry Y. Gamble is professor of religious studies and chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Geoffrey Mark Hahneman is an Episcopal priest currently serving as interim rector at St. Andrew’s Church, New London, New Hampshire.
Daniel J. Harrington, S.J., is professor of New Testament at Weston Jesuit School of Theology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Everett R. Kalin is professor emeritus of New Testament at Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary, Berkeley, California.
Robert A. Kraft is the Moritz and Josephine Berg Professor in Religious Studies (early Judaism, early Christianity) at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jack P. Lewis is professor emeritus of Bible at Harding University Graduate School of Bible and Religion, Memphis, Tennessee.
Jack N. Lightstone is professor of religion, provost, and vice-rector for research at Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec.
Steve Mason is professor of humanities (classics, religious studies, and graduate history) at York University, Toronto, Ontario.
Lee Martin McDonald is principal and professor of biblical studies at Acadia Divinity College, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.
Pheme Perkins is professor of New Testament at Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts.
James A. Sanders is president of the Ancient Biblical Manuscript Center and professor emeritus of biblical studies at the Claremont School of Theology and the Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California.
Daryl D. Schmidt is professor of religion and chair of the Department of Religion at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas.
Albert C. Sundberg Jr. is professor emeritus of New Testament interpretation at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Evanston, Illinois.
Emanuel Tov is J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
Julio C. Trebolle Barrera is professor in the Department of Hebrew and Aramaic Studies at the Complutensian University, Madrid.
Eugene Ulrich is John A. O’Brien Professor of Hebrew Scriptures at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
James C. VanderKam is John A. O’Brien Professor of Hebrew Scriptures at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
Robert W. Wall is professor of the Christian Scriptures at Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington.
Part One
Introduction
1
Introduction
Lee Martin McDonald and James A. Sanders
In the last forty years interest has been growing not only in the origins of the biblical canon but also in its development, continuing viability, and future as a fixed collection of sacred writings. Despite the stability of the various biblical canons over the last four hundred years, the twentieth century brought significantly increased interest in canon formation. Much of this interest began with the earlier works of H. E. Ryle, Alexander Souter, Heinrich Graetz, Moses Stuart, and Edward Reuss. A brief look at the variety as well as volume of recent literature in this field in the Select Bibliography at the end of this volume will illustrate this growing interest. More than a generation ago, Kurt Aland raised the question of reducing the biblical canon by omitting works that some scholars consider to be an embarrassment to the majority of the church, for example, the apocalyptic literature of the New Testament (2 Peter, Revelation, etc.) in order to promote Christian unity. [1] Not long after that Ernst Käsemann also asked whether there should be a “canon within the canon”—in essence, a reduction of the biblical text—in order to alleviate concerns over the diversity within the Bible. [2] James Sanders and Brevard Childs, for quite different reasons, in 1972 introduced “canonical criticism” or “canonical context” as distinct alternatives to the biblical theology movement. [3] More recently, some members of the Jesus Seminar have advocated both reducing the current biblical canon (especially eliminating the apocalyptic literature) and expanding the biblical canon to include such writings as the Gospel of Thomas , the Gospel of Mary , and the “Unknown Gospel” of the Egerton Papyri. [4] Robert Funk of the Jesus Seminar will address that issue and others below. Bruce Metzger contends that although in