Visual perception deficits in albinotic mammals - ferrets (Mustella putoriius furo) and rats (Rattus norvegiicus; strains Wistar and Long-Evans) [Elektronische Ressource] = Visuelle Wahrnehmungsdefizite albinotischer Säuger - Frettchen (Mustela putorius furo) und Ratten (Rattus norvegicus; Stämme Wistar und Long-Evans) / vorgelegt von Daniela Hupfeld
147
pages
Deutsch
Documents
2005
Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe Tout savoir sur nos offres
147
pages
Deutsch
Ebook
2005
Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe Tout savoir sur nos offres
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2005
Nombre de lectures
33
Langue
Deutsch
Poids de l'ouvrage
22 Mo
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2005
Nombre de lectures
33
Langue
Deutsch
Poids de l'ouvrage
22 Mo
VViissuuaall ppeerrcceeppttiioonn ddeeffiicciittss iinn aallbbiinnoottiicc mmaammmmaallss ––
ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and rats (Rattus
norvegicus; strains Wistar and Long-Evans)
Visuelle Wahrnehmungsdefizite albinotischer Säuger – Frettchen
(Mustela putorius furo) und Ratten (Rattus norvegicus; Stämme
Wistar und Long-Evans)
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften
der Fakultät für Biologie
an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
angefertigt am
Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Zoologie und Neurobiologie
vorgelegt von Daniela Hupfeld
Lünen
2005
I
Dissertation eingereicht am 15. 04. 2005
Betreuer: Prof. Dr. K.-P. Hoffmann
Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Zoologie & Neurobiologie
Korefferent: Prof Dr. W. Kirchner
AG für Verhaltensbiologie & Didaktik der Biologie
Dekan: Prof. Dr. T. Stützel
Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Botanik
Content
1 General introduction ........................................................................................1
1.1 Albinism....................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Genotypes and phenotypes...............................................................2
1.1.2 Molecular biology of albinism ............................................................2
1.2 Effects of albinism on vision .....................................................................4
1.2.1 Retina................................................................................................4
1.2.2 Cell gradients.....................................................................................5
1.2.3 Retinal projections to higher visual centres .......................................6
1.2.4 Stereopsis .........................................................................................9
1.3 Oculomotor reactions..............................................................................10
1.3.1 Neuronal substrate for oculomotor reactions...................................11
1.4 Visual motion perception ........................................................................12
1.5 The rat ....................................................................................................13
1.5.1 Laboratory rat strains.......................................................................13
1.5.2 Visual system of the rat ...................................................................14
1.5.3 Retina..............................................................................................14
1.5.4 Optokinetic system and behaviour...................................................15
1.5.5 Higher visual centres.......................................................................16
1.6 The ferret................................................................................................18
1.6.1 Visual system of the ferret ...............................................................18
1.6.2 Retina..............................................................................................19
1.6.3 Optokinetic system ..........................................................................20
1.6.4 Higher visual centres.......................................................................21
1.7 Aim of the study......................................................................................23
2 Visual motion perception in Wistar and Long-Evans rats...............................25
2.1 Animals...................................................................................................25
2.2 Setup ......................................................................................................25
2.3 Procedure...............................................................................................26
2.3.1 Handshaping ...................................................................................26
2.3.2 Discrimination training .....................................................................27
2.3.3 Coherence discrimination ................................................................27
2.4 Stimuli.....................................................................................................28
I 2.5 Analysis ..................................................................................................30
2.6 Results....................................................................................................31
2.6.1 Visual discrimination and coherence detection................................31
2.6.2 Coherence threshold .......................................................................32
2.7 Conclusions............................................................................................33
3 Visual motion perception in albinotic and pigmented ferrets..........................34
3.1 Animals...................................................................................................34
3.2 Setup ......................................................................................................35
3.3 Procedure...............................................................................................35
3.3.1 Handshaping ...................................................................................36
3.3.2 Discrimination training .....................................................................36
3.3.3 Coherence discrimination ................................................................37
3.4 Stimuli.....................................................................................................38
3.4.1 Training ...........................................................................................38
3.4.2 Coherence detection and threshold.................................................39
3.5 Analysis ..................................................................................................40
3.6 Results....................................................................................................41
3.6.1 Visual discrimination and coherence detection................................41
3.6.2 Coherence threshold .......................................................................42
3.7 Conclusions............................................................................................44
4 Effects of PSS lesions on visual motion perception in ferrets ........................45
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................45
4.2 Materials and methods ...........................................................................46
4.2.1 Animals............................................................................................46
4.2.2 Stimuli..............................................................................................47
4.2.3 Prelesion training.............................................................................48
4.2.4 Measurements of the horizontal optokinetic reaction.......................49
4.2.5 Surgery............................................................................................50
4.2.6 Postlesion training ...........................................................................52
4.2.7 Analysis ...........................................................................................52
4.3 Results....................................................................................................53
4.3.1 Reconstruction of cortical lesions ....................................................53
4.3.2 Pre- and postlesion visual discrimination performance....................61
II 4.3.3 Horizontal optokinetic reaction.........................................................65
4.4 Conclusion..............................................................................................70
5 Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of albinotic and pigmented ferrets........71
5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................71
5.1.1 Influence of dot size on coherence detection ..................................71
5.2 Materials and methods ...........................................................................72
5.2.1 Animals............................................................................................72
5.2.2 Setup and stimuli.............................................................................72
5.2.3 Procedure........................................................................................73
5.2.4 Analysis ...........................................................................................74
5.3 Results....................................................................................................74
5.3.1 Visual acuity ....................................................................................74
5.3.2 Contrast sensitivity function.............................................................75
5.4 Conclusion..................................
