The development of stylolites, from small-scale heterogeneities to multi-scale roughness [Elektronische Ressource] / Marcus Johannes Ebner

The development of stylolites, from small-scale
heterogeneities to multi-scale roughness







Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades
„Doktor der Naturwissenschaften“ im Promotionsfach Geologie
am Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz






















Marcus Johannes Ebner
geb. in Linz / Österreich


Mainz, August 2009









Erklärung

Hiermit versichere ich, die vorgelegte Arbeit selbstständig und unter Verwendung der angegebenen
Quellen und Hilfsmittel verfasst zu haben.




Mainz, August 2009


















Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 6. November 2009
Preface


Table of Contents

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... I
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. IV
Zusammenfassung..................................................................................................................................V
1. Introduction........................................................................................... 1
1.1. Current state of the research ....................................................................................................1
1.2. Motivation, objectives and methods .......................................................................................2
1.3. Organization of the thesis.........................................................................................................4
1.4. References ...................................................................................................................................5
2. Stress sensitivity of stylolite morphology...............................................9
Abstract .....................................................................................................................................................9
2.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................9
2.2. Stylolite data-set, roughness measurements and analysis ...................................................11
2.3. Results........................................................................................................................................14
2.4. Discussion & Conclusions......................................................................................................17
2.5. References .................................................................................................................................18
3. Anisotropic scaling of tectonic stylolites: a fossilized signature of the
stress field?........................................................................................... 21
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................21
3.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................21
3.2. Geological setting.....................................................................................................................24
3.3. Methodology.............................................................................................................................26
3.4. Data analysis..............................................................................................................................27
3.4.1. 1D analysis.......................27
3.4.2. 2D analysis.......................32
3.4.3. Synthetic data analysis........................................................................................................................37
3.5. Discussion .................................................................................................................................39
3.6. Conclusions...............................................................................................................................41
I Preface


3.7. Appendix: Stress Calculation..................................................................................................42
3.7.1. Part I.....................................................................................................................................................42
3.7.2. Part II ...................................................................................................................................................42
3.8. References .................................................................................................................................44
4. The influence of localized pressure solution at & around stylolite
interfaces: multi-scale quenched noise as roughness origin............... 47
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................47
4.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................47
4.2. Dataset and Methods...............................................................................................................50
4.2.1. Stylolite dataset ...................................................................................................................................50
4.2.2. Methodology (EBSD and OC settings) ..........................................................................................51
4.3. Data Analysis & Results..........................................................................................................52
4.3.1. Noise around initial interfaces..........................................................................................................52
4.3.2. mature interface.........................................................................................................58
4.3.3. Matrix adjustments around mature interfaces ...............................................................................60
4.4. Discussion .................................................................................................................................64
4.4.1. Quenched noise around stylolites....................................................................................................64
4.4.2. Matrix modifications around stylolite interfaces ...........................................................................65
4.5. Conclusion...........67
4.6. References............68
5. The influence of rock heterogeneity on the scaling properties of
simulated and natural stylolites........................................................... 73
Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................73
5.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................73
5.2. Numerical model setup ...........................................................................................................75
5.2.1. Theory ..................................................................................................................................................76
5.2.2. Basic numerical step...........................................................................................................................77
5.2.3. Parameters, boundary conditions, limitations................................................................................78
5.3. Data analysis & results.............................................................................................................78
5.3.1. Roughness exponents ........................................................................................................................80
5.3.2. Interface growth .................................................................................................................................83
5.3.3. Crossover length scales..............88
5.4. Discussion .................................................................................................................................90
5.5. Conclusions...............................................................................................................................92
II Preface


5.6. References .................................................................................................................................92
6. Synthesis and general conclusions ...................................................... 95
6.1. Scaling of natural stylolites......................................................................................................95
6.2. Initiation of stylolite roughness........