IIHS Status Report
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StatusInstitRuteeport Insurance Institute for Highway SafetyHighway Loss Data | Saving Ilmprioved vvehices le designs bring down death rates ALSO IN THIS ISSUE Vol. 50, No. 1 January 29, 2015 Death rates by make and model C rashes around football stadiums go up when the home team loses he chances of dying in a crash in a late-model vehicle have fallen by latTest IIHS calculations of driver death more than a third in three years, the rates show. Among 2011 models, a record nine vehicles have driver death rates of zero. However, the gap between the safest and riskiest models remains wide, and three cars have death rates exceeding 100 per million registered vehicle years. Improved vehicle designs and safety technology have a lot to do with the continuing decline in fatality risk. In a related study, Institute researchers estimated how much of the decline was due to changes in the vehicle leet during 1985-2012. hey found that vehicle changes — including improved structural designs, the addition of safety features and an evolving mix of vehicle types — were the main source of declining risk from 1993 through 2006. hese changes continued to contribute to later declines as well, though other factors such as the weak economy also appear to have played a role. A firefighter uses an extrication tool at the Vehicle Research Center during a First Responders Emergency Extrication event.
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StatusInstitRuteeport Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Highway Loss Data |Saving Ilmprioved vvehices le designs bring down death rates
ALSO INTHIS ISSUE Vol. 50, No. 1 January 29, 2015
4Death rates by make and model 4Crashes around football stadiums go up when the home team loses
e cances o dyîng în a cras în a ae-mode veîce ave aen by aTes ïïHS cacuaîons o drîver dea more an a îrd în ree years, e raes sow. Among 2011 modes, a record nîne veîces ave drîver dea raes o zero. However, e gap beween e saes and rîskîes modes remaîns wîde, and ree cars ave dea raes exceedîng 100 per mîîon regîsered veîce years. ïmproved veîce desîgns and saey ec-noogy ave a o o do wî e conînuîng decîne în aaîy rîsk. ïn a reaed sudy, ïn-sîue researcers esîmaed ow muc o e decîne was due o canges în e ve-îce lee durîng 1985-2012. hey ound a veîce canges — încudîng împroved srucura desîgns, e addîîon o saey ea-ures and an evovîng mîx o veîce ypes — were e maîn source o decînîng rîsk rom 1993 roug 2006. hese canges conînued o conrîbue o aer decînes as we, oug oer acors suc as e weak economy aso appear o ave payed a roe.
A firefighter uses an extrication tool at the Vehicle Research Center during a First Re sponders Emergency Extrication event. Fire departments from the MidAtlantic region tested Holmatro gear on latemodel cars pro vided by State Farm.
here were 7,700 ewer drîver deas în 2012 aone an ere woud ave been ad veîces remaîned e same sînce 1985.
2 Status Report — Vol. 50, No. 1 |
he aes dea raes by make and mode conIrm e rapîd pace o împrovemen. Among 2011 modes, ere were 28 drîver deas per mîîon regîsered veîce years roug e 2012 caendar year, down rom 48 or 2008 modes roug 2009 (see Status Report, June 9, 2011, a îîs.org). A regîsered veîce year îs one veîce regîs-ered or one year. “hîs îs a uge împrovemen în jus ree years, even consîderîng e economy’s în-luence,” says Davîd Zuby, ïïHS execuîve vîce presîden and cîe researc oicer. “We know rom our veîce raîngs pro-gram a cras es perormance as been geîng seadîy beer. hese aes dea raes provîde new conIrmaîon a rea-word oucomes are împrovîng, oo.” Aoug e numbers relec 2011 modes, daa rom earîer mode-year veî-ces as ar back as 2008 are încuded î e veîces weren’ subsanîay redesîgned beore 2011. ïncudîng oder, equîvaen veîces încreases e exposure and us e accuracy o e resus. To be încuded, a veîce mus ave ad a eas 100,000 regîsered veîce years o exposure durîng 2009-12 or a eas 20 deas. ïïHS as pubîsed dea raes by make and mode perîodîcay sînce 1989, a Irs or cars ony and aer or a passenger veî-ces (seeStatus Report, Nov. 25, 1989). he raes încude ony drîver deas because e presence o passengers îs unknown. Faaîy couns are aken rom e edera Faaîy Anaysîs Reporîng Sysem. Regîsraîon daa are rom R.L. Pok & Co. he raes are adjused or drîver age and gender, bu no a e demograpîc acors a can înluence resus are accouned or. Four years ago wen ïïHS reeased dea raes or 2008 modes, researcers ound a ey needed o încude an ad-jusmen or caendar year în order o ac-coun or e efecs o e recessîon. For îs reason, researcers deveoped anoer mode a încuded e caendar year ad-jusmen, as we as adjusmens or veî-ce age and veîce densîy a e garagîng ocaîon, în addîîon o drîver age and gender. ha more-compex mode worked we a e îme, bu wen researcers used î o cacuae e 2011 dea raes, e resus were unsabe. Sînce e U.S. economy dîdn’ see suc arge lucua-îons durîng e new îme perîod,»page 6
Driver death rates by vehicle style and size 2011 and equivalent earlier models, 200912 MV SV 22 16 71 44 28 22 19 10 21 14 15 9 33 22 42 27 32 8 0 37 0 0 19 32 15 51 5 10 13 12 8 1 35 3 25 16 4 3 17 5 9 9 11 11 7 9 3 4 10 7 20 11 7 9 8 7 15 15 5 4 2 12 9 8 7 8 15 14 14 18 14 15 15 24 18 10 15 11
CARS 4DOOR 2DOOR SPORTS LUXURY STATION WAGONS MINIVANS SUVs 4WHEEL DRIVE 2WHEEL DRIVE 4WHEEL DRIVE LUXURY 2WHEEL DRIVE LUXURY PICKUPS 4WHEEL DRIVE 2WHEEL DRIVE
Overall 38 mini 115 51 29 34 24 54 71 43 37 0 50 67 14 26 10 37 41 7 23 18 22 16 8 18 32 17 15 31 10 13 17 15 29 32 29 39 29 26
small midsize large very large mini small midsize large small midsize large midsize large very large mini small midsize small midsize large very large small midsize large very large midsize large very large midsize small large very large small large
SV roll 6 13 11 4 3 0 8 12 3 22 0 16 22 5 3 0 3 7 2 2 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 6 1 8 0 3
5 6 6 14 5 2
KEY: overall:driver deaths per million registered vehicle years mv:driver death rate in multiplevehicle crashes sv:driver death rate in singlevehicle crashes of all types sv roll:driver death rate in singlevehicle rollovers (subset of sv)
midsize
midsize
5
SUV
midsize
large
Chevrolet Camaro coupe
Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Crew 4WD
Hyundai Accent
very large
0
0
midsize
4
4
luxury SUV
Toyota Highlander hybrid 4WD
Mazda CX9 4WD
SUV
Ford Expedition 4WD
SUV
KEY: overall:driver deaths per million registered vehicle years mv:driver death rate in multiplevehicle crashes sv:driver death rate in singlevehicle crashes of all types sv roll:driver death rate in singlevehicle rollovers (subset of sv) 2WD:|2wheel drive 4WD:4wheel drive
January 29, 2015 3 |
0
5
5
5
0
midsize
40
0
SUV
Mazda 6
Chevrolet Suburban 1500 2WD
Jeep Patriot 2WD
large
0
0
5
4door car
61
80
79
99
86
small
0
0
4door car
small
very large
120
Nissan Versa sedan
130
21
8
midsize
small
SUV
50
40
87
51
51
7
17
3
34
44
MercedesBenz MClass 4WD
midsize
4door car
57
57
54
34
58
60
9
25
36
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4door car
sports car
Ford Focus
2door car
SUV
very large
29
55
46
37
small
very large
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
mini
0
2
0
0
0
5
large
midsize
0
0
0
0
midsize
6
38
13
33
29
5
2
5
3
20
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
5
midsize
midsize
large
mini
mini
mini
SUV
Ford Flex 2WD
5
4
large
5
midsize
0
midsize
3
3
0
149
mini
Models with the highest and lowest rates of driver deaths Lowest rates of driver deaths Highest rates of driver deaths Fewer than 6 driver deaths per million registered vehicle More than 46 driver deaths per million registered vehicle years, 2011 and equivalent earlier models, 200912rollSV SV Overall MV years, 2011 and equivalent earlier models, 200912SV SV rollOverall MV
0
SUV
SUV
0
luxury SUV
Mercury Grand Marquis
small
70
small
76
small
71
66
midsize
small
0
large
0
0
midsize
2
4door car
station wagon
Kia Rio
Chevrolet Aveo
Chevrolet Aveo
Hyundai Accent
Honda Civic
49
28
4door car
minivan
Dodge Nitro 2WD
4door car
SUV
luxury SUV
luxury SUV
Honda Odyssey
luxury car
Kia Sorento 2WD
Lexus RX 350 4WD
Subaru Legacy 4WD
Audi A4 4WD
MercedesBenz GLClass 4WD
Chevrolet Equinox 4WD
Chevrolet Equinox 2WD
Acura TL 2WD
GMC Yukon 4WD
SUV
SUV
luxury car
Ford Crown Victoria
10
96
15
54
SUV
4door car
3
9
0
0
20
44
48
16
43
53
60
65
25
19
31
65
0
9
31
28
33
25
58
Volvo XC90 4WD
Toyota Sequoia 4WD
Honda Pilot 4WD
4door car
pickup
station wagon
station wagon
2door car
Nissan Cube
Honda Civic
4door car
4door car
Chevrolet HHR
Nissan Versa hatchback
0
18
0
201011
298,350
KEY: overall:all crash types; numbers in parentheses are 95 percent confidence bounds mv:driver deaths in multiplevehicle crashes sv:driver deaths in singlevehicle crashes sv roll:driver deaths in singlevehicle rollovers (subset of sv) 2WD:|2wheel drive 4WD:4wheel drive
200911 200911 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811
120,394 139,458 208,643 322,057 573,619 171,409 368,751 220,052 120,537 145,678
104,017
535,147
200811
200811
110,210
105,060
0
200911
0
200811
200911 200811 200811
385,871
170,586 106,146 227,164
201011
65 65 96
21 (048) 36 (468) 86 (42131)
99 (55143) 120(69171) 149 (94204)
These rates are for 2011 models, but results are included for earlier model years as far back as 2008 if the vehicle wasn’t substantially redesigned during that time. A change in electronic stability control from not available or optional to standard is treated as a redesign. Exposure is the number of registered vehicle years. A registered vehicle year is one vehicle registered for one year. Rates are adjusted for driver age and gender. Information on deaths is from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Data on vehicle registrations comes from R.L. Polk & Co.
18 (055)
58(17100)58
Death rates by makeandmodel Driver deaths per million registered vehicle years
0 25
0 0
4 Status Report — Vol. 50, No. 1 |
16 32 42 46 49 70 71 130
(528) (1944) (480) (982) (3861) (39101) (4596) (75185)
200911 200911
Model years 200811
201011 200911 200911 200811 2011 200911 200811 201011 2011 201011 200911 201011 200911
4 6 0 4 8 5 20 51
9 18 35 31 28 55 37 44
7 15 4 12 21 13 33 87
(47105) 76 46
(1668) 42 37
25
14
29
29(059)
0
(48113) 80 19
0 0 0 2 0 2 3 10 3 4 6 3 3
0 0 8 7 0 10 10 14 25 12 16 7 17
4 33
10 27 22 21
0 7 0 12 20 18 19 19 11 22 26 35 34
0 7 8 19 20 28 29 32 34 35 41 44 54
20(040) (1556) 35 37(965) (780) 43
4 (012) (1995) 57
6 32
(031) (016) (018) (015) (216) (042) (120) (037) (068) (1272)
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLES 4DOOR CARS mini Chevrolet Aveo Hyundai Accent Kia Rio small Toyota Prius hybrid Toyota Corolla Chevrolet Cruze Kia Forte Honda Civic Ford Focus Nissan Versa hatchback Nissan Versa sedan midsize Subaru Legacy 4WD Acura TSX Volkswagen CC Honda Accord Volkswagen Jetta Nissan Maxima Toyota Camry hybrid Ford Fusion 2WD Hyundai Sonata Toyota Camry Chevrolet Malibu Nissan Altima Mazda 6 large Ford Taurus 2WD Chevrolet Impala Toyota Avalon Buick Lacrosse 2WD very large Ford Crown Victoria Mercury Grand Marquis 2DOOR CARS mini Mini Cooper Smart Fortwo coupe Hyundai Accent small Honda Civic midsize Honda Accord large Dodge Challenger SPORTS CARS large Chevrolet Camaro coupe LUXURY CARS midsize Audi A4 4WD Acura TL 2WD MercedesBenz CClass 4WD BMW 328i sedan Lexus ES 350 BMW 328xi sedan MercedesBenz CClass 2WD Lexus IS 250 2WD Lexus IS 250 4WD Infiniti G37 coupe 2WD large Cadillac CTS sedan 2WD Cadillac DTS very large Lexus LS 460 2WD STATION WAGONS mini Chevrolet Aveo
0 5 7 7 9 16 10 16 30 42
0 0 7 2 6 16 6 11 30 31
0 5 0 5 3 0 4 7 0 11
16 15
5 6
0 0 0 2 1 0 2 10 6 21
21 (043) 46 (2269)
201011 201011 200911 201011
154,873 468,830 145,206 153,002
(032) (017) (023) (1324) (044) (1243) (1146) (1747) (959) (2348) (2656) (2366) (1493)
116,291 216,674 101,114 2,758,908 112,225 357,008 294,261 641,184 280,780 1,026,466 1,042,795 537,497 222,880
193,425 120,360
622,139 1,114,543 171,570 190,081 1,954,222 410,771 556,730 276,648
201011 201011 2011 201011 200811 201011 200811 200811
Death rates Overall MV SV 28(2730)16 12
10 16 15
31 53 54
SV roll 5
296,315 273,617 258,137
200811 200811 200811
Exposure 62,932,462
29
10
0 7 48
0
2
21 30 43
0 0 20
200911 200811
143,135 250,591
60
0 2 5 0
10 8 15 25
170,820 127,130
200811 200811
7 0
5
10
13 0
318,178 122,927 227,007
January 29, 2015 5 |
200911 200811 201011
2WD Honda Ridgeline 4WD Toyota Tundra Double short bed 4WD Dodge Ram 1500 Crew short bed 2WD Toyota Tundra Double short bed 2WD Ford F150 Crew 2WD Toyota Tundra Crew Max 4WD Ford F150 Super 2WD Ford F150 Crew 4WD Dodge Ram 1500 Crew short bed 4WD Dodge Ram 1500 Quad 2WD Ford F150 Regular 2WD Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Ext 4WD Ford F150 Super 4WD Toyota Tundra Crew Max 2WD Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Crew 4WD
GMC Yukon 2WD Nissan Armada 2WD Buick Enclave 2WD Chevrolet Traverse 2WD GMC Acadia 4WD Buick Enclave 4WD Chevrolet Tahoe 4WD Chevrolet Traverse 4WD GMC Acadia 2WD Chevrolet Tahoe 2WD Ford Expedition 2WD very large GMC Yukon XL 1500 4WD Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 2WD Chevrolet Suburban 1500 4WD Chevrolet Avalanche 1500 4WD Chevrolet Suburban 1500 2WD LUXURY SUVs midsize Lexus RX 350 4WD Volvo XC90 4WD MercedesBenz MClass 4WD Lexus RX 350 2WD Acura MDX 4WD Acura RDX 4WD Lincoln MKX 4WD BMW X5 4WD Lincoln MKX 2WD large MercedesBenz GLClass 4WD Land Rover Range Rover Sport 4WD Cadillac Escalade 4WD PICKUPS small Toyota Tacoma Double short bed 2WD Toyota Tacoma Double short bed 4WD Toyota Tacoma Xtra 4WD Toyota Tacoma Xtra 2WD large Dodge Ram 1500 Quad 4WD
SV roll
Model years
(073) 37
Death rates Overall MV SV 7(020)0 7 7(021)0 7 8 5 2 (016) 8(017)3 5 8(018)3 5 10(029)0 10 (118) 10 6 4 11(024)4 7 15 11 4 (129) 18(630)8 10 36(368)30 5
0 (022) 6 (018)
(025) 13 (427) 15
19(631) 20(046) 24 (444) 27(134 0) (750) 28
2011 200811 200911 201011 201011 200911 200811 2011 200811 200911 200811 200811 200811 200911 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200911 200911 200911 200911 200811 201011 200811 200811
18(432)
18 (039)
100,518 221,446 1,109,920 1,061,095 148,898
264,109 124,544
0 0 0
0 4 0
(020) (033) (010) (018) (024) (028) (030) (031) (043)
9 (023) 15( 036) 17(034) (553) 29 60 (13107)
0 0 3 6 12 12 12 14 20
110,430 208,828 153,460
Exposure
200811 200811 200811 200811 200811
163,541 101,293 299,625 156,690 166,891
26
0 0
0 6
0 0
6
33
185,420 127,150
200911 201011
150,514
112,892 100,884
200911 200911
139,354
200811
Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Crew
125,958
244,108 352,117
200811
290,908
26 6 36
(044) 20 28( 071)
(041) 20
Exposure 116,869 111,238 300,006 296,227 271,691 213,503 401,018 206,139 391,239 386,837 165,001
3
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 12 6 6 4 0 4 0 5 4 2 7 7 4 0 0 23 0 14 40
0 8
5
6
0 2
12
17 27 14
0 0 4
114,776 200,988 123,098 1,249,370 759,316 931,863 548,808 513,731 541,561 378,918 384,876 561,569 299,848 248,487
185,441 111,610 236,380 126,252 423,632 130,291 122,868 262,354 114,683
201011 200811 200811 201011 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811
200911 200811 200911 200911 200911
133,799 171,870 206,052
200911 200911 201011
371,109 176,959 191,480 719,382 188,367
SV roll 0 7 3 3 3 10 2 0 4 4 5
(049) 19
200911
145,733
8 (020) 12 (029)
6 18 8 12 12
0 4 0 6 4
14
13 5 17 15 17
13 7
6
12 5 20
0 7 2 29 28
0 7 0 19 9
9 8 14 0 31
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 7
0 0 0 0 5 12 0 9 6
0 0 3 6 6 0 12 6 14
Model years 200811 200811 200811 200911 200811 200811 200811 200911 200811 200811 200811
111,102 392,533 238,659 574,523 397,838 131,761
200811 200811 200811
29 (354) 30 (059) 36(864)
0 0 0 3 5 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 5 7 4 14 11 5 7 11 5 5 25 16 6 29 17 7
0 0 2 2 0 5 5 0 2 11 12 12 9 6 10 0 5 13 14 10 18 18 0 19 31 6 24 50
(037) 0 (037) 16 (1535) 25 (1539) 27 (066) 27
6 (014) 6 (018)
0 6
0 16 16 22 12
0 7 6 8 3 16 1 14 10 24 8 25 12 9
7 4 7 9 15 4 18 12 16 11 28 12 28 44
0 4 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 12 4 10 5 3
0 (033) (011) 4 5) 5(01
0 0 5
0 4 0 12 9 6
0 11 3 20 25 29
200911 200811 201011 200811 200911 200911
25 20 30 19 34 38
200911
11
7 28
0 6
8 6
0
0
19
200911
4 6
200811 200811
7 0 17
13 34 40
small Subaru Impreza 4WD Scion xB Kia Soul Dodge Caliber 2WD Chevrolet HHR Nissan Cube midsize Subaru Outback 4WD Volkswagen Jetta MINIVANS very large Honda Odyssey Kia Sedona Chrysler Town & Country Dodge Grand Caravan Toyota Sienna 2WD SUVs small Jeep Compass 2WD Jeep Patriot 4WD Honda Element 4WD Honda CRV 4WD Honda CRV 2WD Toyota RAV4 4WD Subaru Forester 4WD Nissan Rogue 4WD Ford Escape 2WD Jeep Wrangler 2door 4WD Ford Escape 4WD Toyota RAV4 2WD Nissan Rogue 2WD Jeep Patriot 2WD midsize Kia Sorento 2WD Toyota Highlander hybrid 4WD Honda Pilot 4WD Chevrolet Equinox 2WD Chevrolet Equinox 4WD Ford Flex 2WD Mazda CX9 4WD Jeep Grand Cherokee 4WD Toyota Highlander 2WD Honda Pilot 2WD Hyundai Santa Fe 4WD Mazda CX9 2WD Dodge Nitro 4WD Toyota Venza 4WD Ford Edge 2WD Toyota Highlander 4WD Hyundai Santa Fe 2WD Toyota FJ Cruiser 4WD Jeep Liberty 4WD Jeep Wrangler 4door 4WD Nissan Murano 4WD Toyota Venza 2WD Nissan Murano 2WD Dodge Journey 2WD Jeep Liberty 2WD GMC Terrain 2WD Ford Edge 4WD Dodge Nitro 2WD large Toyota Sequoia 4WD GMC Yukon 4WD Ford Expedition 4WD
39(1958) 41(083) (40117) 79
(020) (025) (030) (826) (831) (829) (733) (742) (946) (1552) (1654) (1455) (1667) (2095)
106,363 141,251 344,213 302,463 151,440 151,479 143,907 108,237 387,923 180,017 259,481 126,339 170,978 118,931 625,197 530,715 476,958 170,822 449,619 517,661 298,811 173,444 170,979 326,409 126,600 114,848 356,784 109,765
200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200811 200911 200811 200911 200811 200911 200811 200811 200811
0 0 2 1 15
25 31 32 39 61 66
Death rates Overall MV SV
7 11 12 17 19 19 20 25 27 34 35 35 42 57
0 0 8 4 16
(064) (1647) (1252) (1958) (3091) (14118)
201011 200911
3 0
6 0
2011 200811 200811 200811 2011
0(035) (026) 0 (07) 2 5 (012) (015) 5 5 (015) 5 (016) (021) 7 7(018) 11 (034) 12(024) 12 (029) 13( 029) 13 (031) 14(325) 14 (028) 16 (132) 18 (036) 19 (435) 21 (735) 21(043) 21 (047) (054) 25 34(861) 73) 34(0 38 (080) 41 (1270) 51 (0107)
