La lecture à portée de main
163
pages
English
Documents
2010
Écrit par
Lramirez_De_Garay
Publié par
universitat_bielefeld
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163
pages
English
Ebook
2010
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Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures
23
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures
23
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
Social Strain: a Sociological Analysis of Violent Crime
Rates in Europe
by
Luis David Ramírez-de Garay
Thesis submitted for assessment
with a view of obtaining the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. phil.)
of the
University of Bielefeld,
Faculty of Sociology.
Supervisors:
Prof. em. Dr. Günter Albrecht
Prof. Dr. Jost Reinecke
Bielefeld, April 2010 Index of Contents
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 4
List of Tables.............................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5
I. Living in Flatland? The Cross-National Study of Homicide ........................................... 11
I.1. The double structure of criminology........................................................................ 12
I.2. The comparative approach in criminology............................................................... 13
I.3. Cross-national research on homicide ....................................................................... 16
I.4. Theory related problems of cross-national research on homicide............................ 17
I.5. The methodological problems of homicide research ............................................... 19
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 22
II. An Overview of the Relation between Economy and Crime ....................................... 24
II.1. The economics of crime and the rationality of criminals......................................... 27
II.2. The political economy of crime ............................................................................... 33
II.2.1. The economic cycle: unemployment................................................................. 33
II.2.2. Economic development..................................................................................... 37
II.3. Economic deprivation .............................................................................................. 41
II.3.1. Absolute deprivation: poverty .......................................................................... 42
II.3.2. Relative deprivation: inequality ....................................................................... 47
II.4. A to-do list for the economy dimension................................................................... 53
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 57
III. Anomie and Strain as Instruments for the Comparative Criminology......................... 59
III.1. The Origins of Anomie ........................................................................................ 61
III.2. Merton and the American Dream......................................................................... 67
III.3. The nightmare of Merton’s American Dream...................................................... 68
III.4. Anomie goes institutional: the Institutional-Anomie Theory .............................. 70
III.5. The anomie/strain tradition and the study of violent crime ................................. 72
Conclusion: Sketching a proposal ........................................................................................ 74
IV. Social Strain ................................................................................................................. 77
IV.1. Positioning the concept of social stain in a greater perspective........................... 78
IV.2. The level of observation: violent crime at the meso level.................................... 80
IV.3. The meso dimension of violent crime and social strain ....................................... 83
IV.4. Putting social strain to work for the analysis of violent crime............................. 85
IV.5. Social strain and economic conditions ................................................................. 86
IV.6. Mediating factors: opportunities and institutions................................................. 91
IV.6.1. Opportunities Structure.................................................................................... 91
IV.6.2. Institutional Support......................................................................................... 93
IV.6.3. The spatiotemporal effects ............................................................................... 95
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 97
2 V. Social Strain and Violent Crime Rates in Europe (2001-2006) ..................................... 101
V.1. Ascribed Economic Conditions.............................................................................. 102
V.2. Opportunities Structure .......................................................................................... 103
V.3. Institutional Support............................................................................................... 103
V.4. The structural model............................................................................................... 104
V.5. Data ........................................................................................................................ 105
V.6. The regions of Eurostat .......................................................................................... 108
V.7. Constructing the database....................................................................................... 109
V.8. Describing the data................................................................................................. 111
V.9. The regional death rate........................................................................................... 113
V.10. Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling .......................................... 114
V.11. Confirmatory Factor Analysis............................................................................ 114
V.11.1. Factor AEC .................................................................................................... 115
V.11.2. Factor LABC and EDU .................................................................................. 116
V.11.3. Factor INST.................................................................................................... 117
V.12. SEM confirmative .............................................................................................. 118
V.13. SEM explorative................................................................................................. 121
Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 124
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 128
Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 136
Bibliography........................................................................................................................... 152
3
List of Figures
Figure 1: Durkheim's analytical types...................................................................................... 63
Figure 2: Model of Social Strain. ............................................................................................. 96
Figure 3: structural model of social strain.............................................................................. 105
Figure 4. Model #1. ................................................................................................................ 119
Figure 5: Model#3.................................................................................................................. 123
List of Tables
Table 1: Average size of regions NUTS 1-3. ......................................................................... 107
Table 2: Average size regions NUTS-2. ................................................................................ 107
Table 3: NUTS population thresholds.................................................................................... 107
Table 4: no-ESR Data ............................................................................................................ 110
Table 5: Factor AEC. ............................................................................................................. 115
Table 6: Factor LABC............................................................................................................ 116
Table 7: Factor EDU. .....................................................