Casting and Solidification of Steel. Information Symposium Volume 2

Commission of the European Communities
Information Symposium
Casting and
Solidification of Steel
Luxembourg, 29 November to 1 December 1977
Volume 2
IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd, Guildford Commission of the European Communities
Information Symposium
Casting and
Solidification of Steel
Luxembourg, 29 November to 1 December 1977
Volume 2
The three language versions of these proceedings are being published in part­
nership by:
• Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H., Düsseldorf (Germany)
— German language edition
• IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd, Guildford (England)
— English language edition
• Revue de métallurgie, Paris (France)
— French language edition
IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd, Guildford
EUR 5903 d, e, f Organization of the Information Symposium
by
the Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General "Internal Market and Industrial Affairs"
and l "Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management"
LEGAL NOTICE
The Commission of the European Communities and its departments decline all respon­
sibility with regard to the use of the information contained herein.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photoco­
pying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the European Coal and
Steel Community.
© ECSC Luxembourg 1977
Published by IPC Science and Technology Press Limited, IPC House, 32 High Street,
Guildford, Surrey, England GU1 3EW
Printed in Belgium
ISBN O 902852 83 3 — 3 —
CONTENTS
Page
OPENING SESSION 5
Welcome address
Mr G. THORN, President of the Government of Luxembourg 7
Opening address
Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON, Member of the Commission 11
TECHNICAL REVIEWS I7
Casting and solidification, important steps in steelmaking
P. NILLES, Chief Engineer, Centre de Recherches
Métallurgiques, Liège 18
The influence of casting and solidification processes on steel
proporties
M.J. MAY, Research Manger, Product Technology, Sheffield
Laboratories, British Steel Corporation 52
FIRST TECHNICAL PAPER 81
Deoxidation of liquid steel
Errata of the text of M. OLETTE and C GATELLIER
Report on the discussion
P. NILLES, Ingéieur en chef, Centre de Recherches Métallur­
giques, Liège
J. DEFAYS, Centre de Recherches Métallurgiques 82
SECOND TECHNICAL PAPER I07
Use of models in investigation of solidification problems
Report on the discussion
M. OLETTE, Institut de Recherches de la Sidérurgie Française
Maizières-lès-Metz
R. ALBERNY, Institut des de laee I08
THIRD TECHNICAL PAPER 125
Crystallization of steel
Report on the discussion
F. OETERS, Insgitut für Metallurgie-Eisenhüttenkunde -
Technische Universität Berlin
H.J. SELENZ, Technische Universität Berlin 126
FOURTH TECHNICAL PAPER 149
Heat transfer in ingot pouring
Report on the discussion
P.J. KREUGER, Hoogovens NV, Ijmuiden
R. BOOM, Hoogovens Ijmuiden 150
FIFTH TECHNICAL PAPER5
Structures and defects in rolling ingots
Report on the discussion
J. LECLERC, Directeur métallurgique, Société Usinor, Paris
J.P. BARBOTIN, Usinor, Denain Works I56 •4 —
SIXTH TECHNICAL PAPER 163
Solidification of large forging ingots
Report on the discussion
A. RAMACIOTTI, Director, Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico,
Rome
A. GIACCONE, Divisione Acciai, Torino I64
SEVENTH TECHNICAL PAPER 1 67
Heat transfer and solidification in continuous casting
Errata of the text of R. ALBERNY
Report on the discussion
G.D. SPENCELEY, Research Kanager, British Steel Corporation,
Teesside Laboratories, Middlesbrough
I.D. MASSEY, British Steel Corporation 168
EIGHTH TECHNICAL PAPER 175
Technologival problems of continuous casting
Errata of the text of H.S. MARR
Report on the discussion
F. MEININGHAUS, Managing Director, Hoesch Hüttenwerke AG,
Dortmund
H. SPERL, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute I76
FINAL REVIEW SESSION 187
Introduction by the session chairman
A. FUNCK, Director, ARBED Recherches, Esch-sur-Alzette I89
Review of the Symposium and future prospects
U. KALLA, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, Düsseldorf I9I
Closing address
P.R.V. EVANS, Head of Division, Directorate-General for
Internal Market and Industrial Affairs 199
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 203 — 5 —
OPENING SESSION
WELCOME ADDRESS
Mr G. THORN, President of the Government of Luxembourg
OPENING ADDRESS
Viscount Etienne DAVCGNON, Member of the Commission WELCOME ADDRESS
Mr G. THORN
President of the Government of Luxembourg
The programme for your four-day symposium includes, as is fitting,
a brief address of welcome by the President of the Luxembourg Government,
the Minister for Economic Affairs.
I fully realize that a champion of the 'conjectural sciences' which
Renan spoke of should not venture into fields which are the domain of the
scientist's rigorously analytical approach, so you may rest assured that
I shall refrain from entering into any teohnical details concerning your
themes: the casting and solidification of steel.
However, I should like to extend to all of you a very warm welcome to
the Grand Duohy of Luxembourg and I hope you will allow me to make a few
general remarks on the usefulness and the general meaning of your work.
These symposiums are organized periodically within the framework of
the ECSC with a view to submitting the results of the research programme
carried out in accordance with the Treaty of Paris to an increasing number
of interested parties.
These programmes, which are implemented by the steel industry and its
research centres, cover extensive areas of the iron and steel industry and
benefit from subsidies from the Commission of the European Communities. — 8 —
The topics chosen for 1977 centre on three main areas :
- the physical bases of the deoxidation of liquid steel, of crystalliza­
tion - solidification and of heat transfer;
- their application in the casting of ingots;
- theirn in the continuous casting of steel.
The advantages of this year's work and its importance are clear.
Continuous casting is at present used to produce almost 25 $ of the
steel manufactured in the Community and is destined to play an increasing­
ly important role.
Secondly, most research programmes are joint and multi-national pro­
grammes and thereby intensify collaboration at the European level in the
steel sector.
Lastly, the implementation of the programmes is based on several pro­
visions originating in the Treaty of Paris and which are aimed at facili­
tating and boosting research in the vital sectors of our economies.
It gives me great satisfaction to feel that the capital of the Grand
Duchy, the seat of the ECSC's first institutions, regularly hosts scien­
tific gatherings sponsored by the European Coal and Steel Community.
This brief description of your subjects of study and the reference
to their immediate advantages leads me to another important point.
The European steel industry is severely hit by the current crisis and
we are faced with an urgent challenge to undertake common restructuring
measures which would in the long term reconcile the essential technical
needs, the requirements of competitiveness and the demands of the workers
directly affected in the replanning and strengthening operation which is
indispensible.
Research in its various aspects will play an essential role in the
future pattern of the steel industry and will be required to boost progress,
to introduce new, rationalized processes on an industrial scale, to improve
safety at work and to cut production costs. Never has the dichotomy between