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2009
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150
pages
English
Documents
2009
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2009
Nombre de lectures
287
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
17 Mo
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2009
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
17 Mo
DISSERTATION
submitted to the
Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and for Mathematics
of the Ruperto‐Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany
for the degree of
Doctor of Natural Sciences
presented by
Diplom‐Biologist Eva Lammer
born in Viernheim, Germany
Oral examination: .............................
Refinement of the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with zebrafish
(Danio rerio): Is it a real replacement of the acute fish toxicity test?
Referees: Prof. Dr. Thomas Braunbeck
Heidelberger Institut für Zoologie, Universität Heidelberg
Prof. Dr. Helmut Segner
Zentrum für Fisch‐ und Wildtiermedizin FIWI, Universität Bern
Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation selbst verfasst und mich dabei
keiner anderen als der von mir ausdrücklich bezeichneten Quellen und Hilfen bedient habe.
Des Weiteren erkläre ich, dass ich an keiner Stelle ein Prüfungsverfahren beantragt oder die
Dissertation in dieser oder einer anderen Form bereits anderweitig als Prüfungsarbeit
verwendet oder einer anderen Fakultät als Dissertation vorgelegt habe.
Heidelberg, 23.03.2009
Eva Lammer
Dedicated to my parents.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank……
Prof. Dr. Thomas Braunbeck for giving me the possibility to do this PhD in his lab, for his
support, the interesting meetings and the excellent independent working atmosphere.
Prof. Dr. Helmut Segner for his interest in my work and the supervision and evaluation of my
thesis.
Dr. Sabine Zok und Dr. Hennicke Kamp for their very productive cooperation and also Dr.
Edward Salinas for his help.
Erik Leist for his very important help and his perfect way of taking care of fishes.
Dr. Steffen Keiter for his support, for the discussions and for always being ready to listen to
problems.
The whole group “Aquatic ecology and toxicology”. It was always so much fun and a great
working atmosphere. Thanks a lot! Especially thanks to Kirsten Wendler for her support with
the database; Paula Suares Rocha, Susanne Jernbro und Kerstin Ulrich, thanks for your
laughs; Thomas Kosmehl, Florian Schmidt, Thomas‐Benjamin Seiler und Jan Wölz thanks for
the very helpful, nice and fun atmosphere; Lisa Baumann, Stefanie Grund, Kirsten Wendler
und Franziska Förster for having a small rest of fresh air with me sometimes.
Dominik Reinhard, Volker Hisgen und Marcus Koch for their help and especially Dominik for
answering all my questions.
My family, without their support and love this PhD would not be possible.
My friends, especially Silvia Cisneros, Valeska Schneider and Angelika Vogt for their support
and deep friendship (…bis zum Mond und wieder zurück…). Thanks for always being there
for me!
Volker Garke for his never ending patience, his loving support, his corrections and for always
having a smile for me.
Contents
Contents
Summary .................................................................................................................................. 1
Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................. 2
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Pollution of aquatic ecosystems and chemical hazard and risk assessment ................... 4
1.2 Why tests on fish? ............................................................................................................ 7
1.3 Alternatives to fish testing ............................................................................................... 9
1.3.1 In vitro tests ..................................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 Quality structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) ................................................ 11
1.3.3 Fish embryo tests ............................................................................................. 12
1.4 The fish embryo toxicity test (FET) ................................................................................ 13
1.4.1 Zebrafish (Danio rerio) ..................................................................................... 13
1.4.2 Embryonic development of zebrafish .............................................................. 14
1.4.3 Principles of the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) .............................................. 18
1.5 Scope of the present thesis ........................................................................................... 21
2. Is the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) a
potential alternative for the fish acute toxicity test? ........................................... 23
2.1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.2 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 24
2.3 Material and methods ................................................................................................... 28
2.3.1 The fish embryo toxicity test (FET) .................................................................. 28
2.3.1.1 Fish mainte