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THÈSE
Pour obtenir le grade de
DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE
Spécialité : Mécanique et Matériaux
Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006
Présentée par
Qi ZHANG
Thèse dirigée par Amen Agbossou
codirigée par Daniel Guyomar et Zhihua FENG
préparée au sein du LOCIE
dans l'École Doctorale SISEO
Récupération de micro-énergie
renouvelable par couplage
multiphysique des matériaux :
applications aux bâtiments
Thèse soutenue publiquement le 14 avril 2011
devant le jury composé de :
M. Orphée CUGAT
Dir. Rech. G2Elab - ENSE3, Grenoble, (Président)
M. Jean-François ROUCHON
Pr. INP de Toulouse (Rapporteur)
M. Christophe GOUPIL
Pr. CRISMAT UMS-CNRT, ENSI Caen, (Rapporteur)
M. Guillaume FOISSAC
Ing., EDF R&D, Moret sur Loing, (Membre)
M. Adrien BADEL
MCF, Université de Savoie, SYMME, Annecy, (Membre)
M. Amen AGBOSSOU
Pr. Université de Savoie, LOCIE, Chambéry, (Dir. Thèse, Membre)
M. Daniel GUYOMAR 1 / 180
Pr. INSA - LGEF, Lyon, (Co-dir., Membre)
M. Zhihua FENG
Pr. University of Science and Technology of China, (Co-dir., Membre)
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tel-00629695, version 1 - 6 Oct 2011Table of contents
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................... 7
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 8
Résumé ..................................................................................................................... 9
List of Latin Symbols .............................................................................................. 10
List of Greek Symbols ............................................................................................. 14
Résumé étendu de 20 pages en français ................................................................... 17
1. General introduction ............................................................................................ 37
2. Energy harvesting and thermal energy storage with some well known effect ........ 39
2.1 Thermoelectric coupling effect and energy harvesting ................................ 39
2.1.1 Thermoelectric effect ....................................................................... 39
2.1.2 Review of literature ......................................................................... 42
2.2 Pyroelectric coupling effect and energy harvesting ..................................... 48
2.2.1 Pyroelectric effect ........................................................................... 48
2.2.2 Review of literature ......................................................................... 49
2.3 Piezoelectric coupling effect and energy harvesting ................................... 55
2.3.1 Piezoelectric effect .......................................................................... 55
2.3.2 Review of literature ......................................................................... 58
2.3.3 Enhanced energy conversion efficiency with SSHI technique .......... 66
2.4 Electromagnetic and electrostatic effects for energy harvesting .................. 69
2.4.1 Electromagetic energy harvesting .................................................... 69
2.4.2 Electrostatic energy harvesting ........................................................ 70
2.5 Thermal energy storage with phase change material ................................... 72
2.6 Sectional summary ..................................................................................... 73
3. Ambient energy harvesting .................................................................................. 75
3.1 Characteristics of ambient energy source.................................................... 75
3.1.1 Analysis of typical case ................................................................... 75
3.1.2 Modeling of solar thermal energy .................................................... 77
3.2 Literature review ........................................................................................ 79
3.2.1 Direct Solar thermal energy harvesting ............................................ 79
3.2.2 Wind energy harvesting ................................................................... 83
3.2.3 On harvesting other ambient energy ................................................ 87
3.3 Sectional summary ..................................................................................... 88
4. Solar energy harvesting through thermoelectric effect .......................................... 89
4.1 Design of the thermoelectric energy harvesting system .............................. 89
4.1.1 Strategy for ambient thermal energy harvesting ............................... 89
4.1.2 Thermoelectric device ..................................................................... 91
4.1.3 Phase change material ..................................................................... 95
4.2 Experimental study .................................................................................... 96
4.2.1 Fabrication of the prototype TEG system ......................................... 96
4.2.2 In lab test and results ....................................................................... 97
4.2.3 Test outside and results ...................................................................100
4.3 Modeling of the prototype system .............................................................102
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tel-00629695, version 1 - 6 Oct 20114.3.1 Electrical analogy method ..............................................................102
4.3.2 Finite element method ....................................................................105
4.3.3 Simulation and results ....................................................................108
4.4 Sectional summary .................................................................................... 114
5. Solar energy harvesting through pyroelectric effect............................................. 115
5.1 Design of the pyroelectric energy harvesting system ................................. 115
5.2 Experimental study ................................................................................... 118
5.2.1 In lab test and results ...................................................................... 118
5.2.2 Test outside and results ...................................................................120
5.3 Modeling of the prototype system .............................................................124
5.3.1 Equivalent electrical model ............................................................124
5.3.2 Numerical simulation .....................................................................125
5.3.3 Results of the simulation ................................................................127
5.4 Sectional summary ....................................................................................130
6. Wind (or airfow) energy harvesting through piezoelectric effect .........................131
6.1 Design of the piezoelectric energy harvesting system ................................131
6.2 Experimental study ...................................................................................134
6.2.1 In lab test and results ......................................................................134
6.2.2 Test outside and resutls ...................................................................137
6.3 Modeling of a self-exctied energy harvester ..............................................139
6.3.1 Fluid structure interaction analysis with dynamic pressure ..............139
6.3.2 Lumped parameter model with SSHI technique ..............................143
6.4 Sectional summary ....................................................................................145
7. Typical application of thermoelectric generator in building .................................146
7.1 Architecture of the application ..................................................................146
7.2 Experi