Reconciling biodiversity preservation and local sustainable development [Elektronische Ressource] : the role of the MAB biosphere reserves in the South-Eastern European countries / vorgelegt von Giorgio Andrian
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2005
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220
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2005
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Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2005
Nombre de lectures
9
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2005
Nombre de lectures
9
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA
ALBERT-LUDWIGS UNIVERSITÄT FREIBURG
CO-TUTORED DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
BETWEEN:
HOME INSTITUTION:UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA,
DIPARTIMENTO DI GEOGRAFIA ‘G. MORANDINI’
HOST INSTITUTION: ALBERT-LUDWIGS UNIVERSITÄT FREIBURG,
FAKULTÄT FÜR FORST-UND UMWELTWISSENSHAFTEN,
INSTITUT FÜR FORST-UND UMWELTPOLITIK
‘MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’(‘UOMO E AMBIENTE’)
DOCTORAL PROGRAMME
XVI CICLE
RECONCILING BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION AND LOCAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF THE MAB
BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES
COORDINATOR: Prof. Ugo Sauro,
Università degli Studi di Padova
ST 1 SUPERVISOR: Prof. Pierpaolo FAGGI,
Università degli Studi di Padova
nd2 SUPERVISOR: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Friedrich ESSMANN,
Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg
DOCTORAL CANDIDATE : Giorgio ANDRIAN
31 October, 2003
RECONCILING BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION AND LOCAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF THE MAB
BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES
Inaugural-Dissertation zur
Erlangung der Doktorwürde
der Fakultät für Forst- und Umweltwissenshaften
der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg i. Brsg.
vorgelegt von
Giorgio ANDRIAN
Freiburg im Breisgau
2003
Dekan: Prof. Dr. Ernst HILDEBRAND
Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Friedrich ESSMANN
Referent: Prof. Piepaolo FAGGI
Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Thomas KRINGS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACTS
(English, Italian and German)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
PREFACE 1
CHAPTER I 3
INTRODUCTION 3
1.1. MAB development: the evolution of an idea 8
CHAPTER II 43
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 43
2.1. Key-concepts of Ecosystem Evolution 45
and Management
2.2. Integrating environmental and political understanding: 50
the contribution of the political ecology
2.3. Bioregions and Bioregionalism 58
2.4. The evolution of regional studies: from development to 61
sustainable development
2.5. The Local Territorial System approach 75
CHAPTER III 82
A STEP FORWARD: THE RESEARCH DESIGN 82
3.1. Methodology 82
3.2. Quantitative or Qualitative research? 83
3.3. Grounded theory 85
3.3.1 Elements of the theory 85
3.3.2 Theoretical sampling 86
3.3.3 The constant comparative methods 86
3.3.4 Literature on Theory 87
3.4. Grounded theory in practice 88
3.4.1 The choices of the study areas 88
3.4.2 Data collection and analyses 88
3.5. Evolving new concepts 92
CHAPTER IV 95
A ‘POLITICISED ENVIRONMENT’: SCALES AND ACTORS 95
MATTER
4.1. The recent trends in the SEEcs: the regional scale 96
4.1.1. The Balkans, or the South East Europe: 96
an overview
4.1.2. Reflecting a complex mosaic: the SEEcs MAB 108
strategy
4.1.3. The SEE MAB country reports 115
4.2. BR in Serbia: the state scale 123
4.2.1. Geographical overview 123
4.2.2. The institutional and legal frames: peculiarities of 128
the nature protection system
4.3. The ‘Golja-Studenica’ BR and ‘Tara’ national park: the 135
local level
4.3.1. The case of ‘Golija-Studenica’ BR: the potentials 135
of the MAB Programme
4.3.2. Tara National Park BR nomination: a laboratory 143
for territorial innovation
CHAPTER V151
CONCLUDING REMARKS 151
BIBLIOGRAPHY 155
ANNEXES
A) List of Tables and Figures 167
B) Chronology of MAB events 169
C) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 171
D) The CBD Ecosystem Approach 186
E) The Seville Strategy for Biosphere Reserves 192
F) Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere 201
Reserves
G) List of interviewed experts 204
H) Interviews structural guidelines 205
ABSTRACT
The contents of this dissertation represent the synthesis of a three-years academic
research activity - from November 2000 to October 2003 - carried out in the frame of the
XVI cycle of the doctoral programme ‘Man and Environment’ (‘Uomo e ambiente’),
activated at the Department of Geography (Dipartimento di Geografia) of the University of
Padova (Università degli Studi di Padova). The research was conducted partly in Italy and
partly in Germany, at the University of Freiburg (Universität Freiburg), within the frame of a
co-tutoring agreement with the Institute of Forest and Environmental Policy (Institut für
Forst- und Umweltpolitik) of the Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences (Fakultät für
Forst- und Umweltwissenschaften).
The research firstly generates from the candidate’s confrontation with the recent
revision process, occurring in the frame of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB)
Programme, which lead to the publication (2002) of the book entitled ‘Biosphere Reserves:
special places for Nature and People’. The volume intended to comprehensively
summarise the main steps of the Programme’s history, as well as the conceptual evolution
of its main implementation tools: the Biosphere Reserves (BRs).
The first part of this dissertation (chapter I) reports the main trends in the MAB
Programme history, by analysing its interrelations with the major international activities
since its foundation. In particular, the issues of the biodiversity preservation and the local
sustainable development promotion are considered, and the possible role that the BRs can
play to foster them.
The second part (chapter II) provides an overall picture of the main theoretical
backgrounds which have been considered along with the research development: in
particular, the key concepts of the ecosystem evolution and how they influenced the
management practices are considered first; secondly, the contribution of the political
ecology is analysed, as a relevant actor-based approach in dealing with the natural
resources policy research; thirdly, the bioregional studies and the implication of the
Bioregionalism in the natural resources management are considered; the conceptual
evolution of the regional studies in geography and their links with the evolving issue of the
development (namely, development, human development and sustainable development)
are fourthly included; ultimately, the comprehensive analytical model of the local territorial systems is presented, in order to interpret the elements fostering the local sustainable
development.
None of the previously mentioned approaches was considered fully satisfactory to
deal with the original working hypothesis: can the BR model foster the reconciling of
biodiversity preservation and local sustainable development in the context of the South-
Eastern-European countries (SEEcs)? The Grounded Theory supported the continuous
activities of reformulating working hypothesis in the attempt of generating a new
conceptual frame.
In fact, the various sources of data used for this research range from the UNESCO
historical archives to the outputs of the recent international meetings dedicated to the
SEEcs in the frame of the MAB Programme; additional information were collected from the
SEEcs MAB case-studies – specifically prepared for the EuroMAB 2002 bi-annual meeting
- and from the in field visits to the selected areas in Serbia; namely, the recently nominated
(2001) ‘Goljia-Studenica’ BR and the National Park ‘Tara’, one of the next sites to be
designated in the MAB Programme. The results of the three-scale analysis (regional,
national and local) are reported in the chapter IV, where the horizontal and vertical
relationship between the various levels are emphasised.
The fifth chapter reports the concluding remarks generated by the research; the
findings tend to demonstrate that the original flexible concept of the BR is an appropriate
conceptual and planning instrument, to foster the reconciling of the biodiversity
preservation and the local sustainable development. In particular - at the condition that all
the three pertinent scales actors are properly relating each other - the BR model may
generate additional ‘territorial value’, by platforming innovative and flexible management
practices able to support the negotiation of ‘territorial pacts’, better adaptable to the rapidly
changing socio-economic scenarios of the SEEcs.
RIASSUNTO
Il contenuto di questa tesi di dottorato rappresenta la sintesi di un percorso di
ricerca durato tre anni accademici - Novembre 2000 - Ottobre 2003 - nell’ambito del XVI
ciclo del Dottorato di Ricerca ‘Uomo e Ambiente’, attivato presso il Dipartimento di
Geografia dell’Università degli Studi di Padova. L’attività di ricerca si è svolta parte in Italia
e parte in Germania, presso l’Università di Freiburg (Universität Freiburg), nel contesto di
una convenzione di co-tutela stipulata con l’Istituto di Politica Forestale ed Ambientale
(
