Population demographics and life history characteristics of Heliofungia actiniformis [Elektronische Ressource] : a fungiid coral species exploited for the live coral aquarium trade in the Spermonde archipelago, Indonesia / submitted by Leyla Knittweis

Population Demographics and Life History Characteristics

of

:Heliofungia actiniformis

A Fungiid Coral Species Exploited for the Live Coral

Aquarium Trade in the Spermonde Archipelago,

Leyla Knittweis

Indonesia

PhD Thesis, Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology

Bremen, April 2008

ii

HeliofungiaPopulation Demographics and Life History Characteristics of

:isactiniform

the Live Coral Aquarium Trade in A Fungiid Coral Species Exploited for

the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

itted by Dissertation subm

eis wttLeyla Kni

ents for the degree of ent of the requiremIn partial fulfilm

Doctor of natural sciences (Dr. rer. nat.)

istry Faculty of Biology / Chem

Bremen University

February 2008

iii

Examination Committee:

ff loProf. Matthias Wen opical Marine Ecology, BremrCentre for T

chzius oDr. Marc Kand Molecular Genetics, Bremen University

First Examiner: Prof. Matthias Wolff
Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen
Second Examiner: Dr. Marc Kochzius
BremGenetics, Molecular and Biotechnology Prof. Dr. Ulrich Saint-Paul Additional Examiner I: Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen
Richter Claudio Dr. Additional Examiner II: Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology, Bremen

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Saint-Paul en opical Marine Ecology, BremrCentre for T

Wiebke Krämer
University en Bremstudent,

gner aAndrea WUniversity en Bremstudent,

Student Member I: Wiebke Krämer
en Bremstudent, PhD aAndrea W Student Member II:gner Bremstudent, Biology th May 2008 Date of public defence: Thursday, 29

iv

Für mein

e Großmutter…

v

the Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology,

d written at

bers 03F0390A and 03F0390B. num

an Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF), grant e from the GermFinancial support cam

en University. Brem

netics at eent for Biotechnology and Molecular GMakassar, Indonesia, as well as the Departm

Reef Research at Hasanuddin University in The work was supported by the Centre of Coral

Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems and resources. s), cluster 1: coral reef based ecosystem

en, as part of the bilateral coBrem

llaboration project SPICE (Science for the Protection of

This dissertation was conceived an

vi

Contents

x ....................................................................................................................entsAcknowledgemxii ..................................................................................................................................arySummxv ....................................................................................................................Zusammenfassungxix ...........................................................................................................................List of Papersxxi .........................................................................................................................List of Figuresxxiii .........................................................................................................................List of Tables

Chapter 1 - Thesis Overview3 ...................................................................................................................General introduction3 ............................................................................................. tradeThe live coral aquarium 4 .................................................................................................pacts of coral harvestingIm Population dynamics of target species................................................................................5
Management approaches.....................................................................................................7
9 .................................................................................................................................sThesis aim10 ........................................................................................................................Thesis structureSummary of materials and methods.........................................................................................10
10 ..........................................................................................................................area Study 11 ..................................................................................................................organism Study Population dynamics.........................................................................................................12
13 ...............................................................................................................ics Socio-econom13 ............................................................................................................impacts Harvesting Application of stock assessment models...........................................................................13
14 .............................................................................Overview of results and general discussion Population dynamics.........................................................................................................14
18 ...............................................................................................................ics Socio-econom21 ............................................................................................................impacts Harvesting Application of stock assessment models...........................................................................21
23 ..............................................................................................................................Conclusions.....................................................................................................................................Outlook24 25 ................................................................................................................................References

vii

Heliofungia the mushroom coral fmics oChapter 2 – Publication I: Population dyna

in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia actiniformis37 ....................................................................................................................................Abstract37 .................................................................................................................................Keywords38 ..............................................................................................................................Introduction40 .............................................................................................................Materials and Methods40 ..........................................................................................................................area Study 42 .....................................................................................................................growth Polyp 42 ......................................................................................Population size and age structure 44 ....................................................................................................seasonalityent Recruitm44 ...................................................................................Cohort biomass and potential yield 44 ......................................................................................................................................Results44 .....................................................................................................................growth Polyp 46 ......................................................................................Population size and age structure 48 ....................................................................................................seasonalityent Recruitm49 ...................................................................................Cohort biomass and potential yield 49 ................................................................................................................................Discussion49 .....................................................................................................................growth Polyp 51 ......................................................................................Population size and age structure 54 ....................................................................................................seasonalityent Recruitm55 ...................................................................................Cohort biomass and potential yield 56 ..................................................................................................................entsAcknowledgem56 ................................................................................................................................References Chapter 3 - Publication II: Genetic structure of Heliofungia actiniformis populations in

the Indo-Malay Archipelago: implications for live coral trade management

efforts 65 ....................................................................................................................................Abstract65 .......