Pedodiversity of southern African drylands [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Andreas Petersen

Pedodiversity of
southern African drylands



Dissertation

zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften
im Department Geowissenschaften
der Universität Hamburg



vorgelegt von

Andreas Petersen
aus
Schmalenfelde


Hamburg
2008













Als Dissertation angenommen vom Department für Geowissenschaften
der Universität Hamburg


Auf Grund der Gutachten von Prof. Dr. Günter Miehlich
Prof. Dr. Eva Maria Pfeiffer Gabriele Broll

Hamburg, den 18.6.2008

Prof. Dr. Kay-Christian Emeis
Leiter des Departments für Geowissenschaften



Content

I. Content
II. Abbreviations and acronyms
III. List of figures
IV. List of tables

I Content


1 THEMATIC BACKGROUND AND GENERAL AIMS ................................................. 1
1.1 BIODIVERSITY, GLOBAL CHANGE AND ITS UNDERSTANDING..................................................... 2
1.2 THE BIOTA SOUTHERN AFRICA PROJECT.................................................................................. 7
1.3 AIMS OF THIS STUDY .................................................................................................................. 9


2 METHODS APPLIED.......................................................................................................13
2.1 SAMPLING SCHEME....................................................................................................................13
2.1.1 Overview of sampling strategies in landscape ecology....................................................14
2.1.2 Development of the sampling procedure in the BIOTA project........................................18
2.2 SOIL RELATED FIELD WORK23
2.3 LABORATORY ANALYSES ..........................................................................................................25
2.4 DATA PROCESSING28
2.4.1 Laboratory........................................................................................................................28
2.4.2 Satellite data, aerial photographs and digital elevation models (DEM)..........................30
2.5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION................................................................................................................31


3 SOIL INVENTORY AND SOIL VARIABILITY ON STUDIED AREAS .................. 33
3.1 OBSERVATORY 01 (MILE 46) & 02 (MUTOMPO) .......................................................................37
3.1.1 Regional overview ............................................................................................................37
3.1.2 Observatory description ...................................................................................................38
3.1.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................39
3.1.3.1 Main soil units........... 39
3.1.3.2 Remarks on classification.......................................................................................................... 41
3.1.3.3 Description of reference profiles............................................................................................... 42
3.1.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ..................................................................................................... 46






IContent
3.2 OBSERVATORY 03 (SONOP).......................................................................................................49
3.2.1 Regional overview ............................................................................................................49
3.2.2 Observatory description ...................................................................................................50
3.2.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................52
3.2.3.1 Main soil units........................................................................................................................... 52
3.2.3.2 Remarks on classification.......................................................................................................... 54
3.2.3.3 Description of reference profiles............................................................................................... 55
3.2.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ..................................................................................................... 58

3.3 OBSERVATORY 04 OMATAKO (TOGGEKRY)..............................................................................63
3.3.1 Regional overview63
3.3.2 Observatory description ...................................................................................................65
3.3.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................66
3.3.3.1 Main soil units........................................................................................................................... 66
3.3.3.2 Remarks on classification.......................................................................................................... 67
3.3.3.3 Description of selected reference profiles ................................................................................. 68
3.3.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ..................................................................................................... 75

3.4 OBSERVATORY 05 (ERICHSFELDE / OTJIAMONGOMBE) ............................................................81
3.4.1 Regional overview ............................................................................................................81
3.4.2 Observatory description ...................................................................................................81
3.4.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................82
3.4.3.1 Main soil units........................................................................................................................... 82
3.4.3.2 Remarks on classification.......................................................................................................... 84
3.4.3.3 Description of selected reference profiles ................................................................................. 85
3.4.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ..................................................................................................... 91

3.5 OBSERVATORY 06 (OKAMBORO) ..............................................................................................95
3.5.1 Regional overview ............................................................................................................95
3.5.2 Observatory description ...................................................................................................95
3.5.3 Soils........96
3.5.3.1 Main soil units........................................................................................................................... 96
3.5.3.2 Remarks on classification.......................................................................................................... 98
3.5.3.3 Description of selected reference profiles ................................................................................. 99
3.5.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ................................................................................................... 102

3.6 OBSERVATORIES 39 (NAREIS) AND 40 (DURUCHAUS) ............................................................104
3.6.1 Regional overview ..........................................................................................................104
3.6.2 Observatory description .................................................................................................104
3.6.3 Soils ................................................................................................................................106
3.6.3.1 Main soil units......................................................................................................................... 106
3.6.3.2 Remarks on classification........................................................................................................ 108
3.6.3.3 Description of selected reference profiles ............................................................................... 109
3.6.3.4 Discussion of soil properties ................................................................................................... 113
II Content
3.7 OBSERVATORIES 10 (GELLAP OST) AND 11 (NABAOS)...........................................................117
3.7.1 Regional overview ..........................................................................................................117
3.7.2 Observatory description .................................................................................................117
3.7.3 Soils ...............................................................................................................