Nuclear activation of proteasome in oxidative stress and aging [Elektronische Ressource] / presented by Betul Catalgol

Nuclear Activation of proteasome
in oxidative stress and aging

Thesis presented in fulfillment of
the thesis requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. Nat.)

Faculty of Natural Sciences
Universitat Hohenheim



Institut für Biologische Chemie und Ernährungswissenschaft
Lehrstuhl Biofunktionalität und Sicherheit von Lebensmitteln
Prof. Dr. med. Tilman Grune



Presented by
Betul Catalgol



Place of Birth: Turkey
Year of submission: 2009



































Nuclear Activation of proteasome
in oxidative stress and aging

Thesis presented in fulfillment of
the thesis requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. Nat.)

Faculty of Natural Sciences
Universitat Hohenheim



Institut für Biologische Chemie und Ernährungswissenschaft
Lehrstuhl Biofunktionalität und Sicherheit von Lebensmitteln
Prof. Dr. med. Tilman Grune



Presented by
Betul Catalgol



Place of Birth: Turkey
Year of submission: 2009


















Dean: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. H. Breer
1. Referee: Prof. Dr. med. T. Grune
2. Referee: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. L. Graeve

Date of the oral examination: 22. June. 2009




























Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to thank Prof.Dr.Grune, for his excellent supervision, provision of
the topic, assignment of the workplace and for his encouragement throughout the program.

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Lutz Graeve for his help as a second supervisor.

My special thanks to Andrea Flaccus, Dagma Mvondo, Brigitte Wendt, Stephanie
Allenfort and Christiane Hallwachs for sharing their practical knowledgements with great
patience.

In particular I would like to thank cordially Dr. Nicolle Breusing and Stefanie Grimm for
their help with any problem.

I thank Tobias Jung and Annika Höhn for their help.

I also thank to Edina Bakondi for sharing the results and for the guidance of her previous
work.

I also thank all members of the group for the wonderful support, hospitality, good
cooperation and the pleasant working atmosphere.

Besides all, I thank to my husband for his patience and great effort during my stay.


1

Index

Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................. 1
Index....................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Oxidative stress in the nucleus.........................................................................................5
1.2 Nuclear proteasomal degradation ....................................................................................7
1.3 Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions............8
1.4 Histones and their post-translational modifications........................................................12
1.5 The proteasome-PARP-1 interaction..............................................................................14
1.6 Goals.............................................................................................................................16
2. Materials and Methods .....................................................................................................18
2.1 Chemicals .....................................................................................................................18
2.2 Experiments in cell culture ............................................................................................19
2.2.1 Cell line propagation ..............................................................................................19
2.2.1.1 Cell treatments with inhibitors and H O .....................................................19 2 2
2.2.1.2 Isolation of nucleus .....................................................................................20
2.2.1.3 Protein amount measurements.....................................................................21
2.2.2 MTT viability test...................................................................................................22
2.2.3 Proteasome activity analysis ..................................................................................22
2.2.4 Immunoblot analysis ..............................................................................................24
2.2.5 qPCR analysis ........................................................................................................24
2.2.6 Protein carbonyl measurement in cell lysates..........................................................25
2.2.7 Comet assay ...........................................................................................................27
2.2.8 8-OHdG analysis ....................................................................................................29
2.2.9 PARP activity measurement ..................................................................................30
2


2.3 In vitro experiments ..........................................................................................................31
2.3.1 Histone oxidation....................................................................................................31
2.3.2 Protein carbonyl measurement in isolated histones .................................................32
2.3.2.1 ELISA.........................................................................................................32
2.3.2.2 Western blot................................................................................................32
2.3.3 Fluorescamine assay...............................................................................................33
2.3.4 Measurement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histones .............................................34
2.3.4.1 Liquid scintillation counting........................................................................34
2.3.4.2 Western blot................................................................................................34
2.4 Aging effects on the model................................................................................................35
2.4.1 Cell culture.............................................................................................................35
2.4.2 Immunoblot analysis...............................................................................................35
2.4.3 PARP activity measurement ..................................................................................36
2.4.4 Proteasome activity measurement ...........................................................................36
2.4.5 Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteasome ...................................................................37

3. Results ...............................................................................................................................38
3.1 Results in cell culture ....................................................................................................38
3.1.1 MTT viability test ..................................................................................................38
3.1.2 Proteasome activity ................................................................................................39
3.1.3 Immunoblot analysis...............................................................................................40
3.1.4 qPCR analysis ........................................................................................................40
3.1.5 Protein carbonyl measurement in cell lysates..........................................................41
3.1.6 Comet assay and PARP activity..............................................................................42
3.1.7 8-OhdG amounts ....................................................................................................44
3.2 Results in isolated histones................................................................................................44
3


3.2.1 Fluorescamine assay in isolated histones.................