PubMed Tutorial II
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WCB Library Online TrainingPubMedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/Wendy HuntLibrary ServicesWorkers' Compensation Boardof British ColumbiaAug 20002PubMed - -Training SessionsPubmed IA. IntroductionB. Keyword SearchC. Field SearchD. Combine History setsGoals for PubMed IÞ Search PubMed using keywordsÞ Refine search results using fields, such as title, author, dateÞ Combine search results on the History pageÞ Save results to Word filesPubMed IIE. Medical Subject Headings = MeSHF. Evidence-based Medicine/PracticeG. Other PubMed ToolsGoals for PubMed IIÞ Search using subject headings (MeSH)Þ Refine search results with evidence-based medicine/practice filtersÞ Use other PubMed search toolsÞ Order articles using Loansome DocTip: Unable to attend a training session? Try working your way through PubMed I inorder to understand the basics. Then experiment with the flexibility offered by thispowerful search interface. Warning! Expect to be confused at first!3PubMed - -PubMed IIE. Medical Subject Headings = MeSHClick MeSH Browser (at left under: PubMed Services)Enter keywords in query box; click GoIf PubMed cannot match the keywords to a MeSH heading, a list of possibleheadings will be displayed; highlight a heading, click Browse this TermClick Detailed DisplayDecide if the following options are useful:Select subheadings (may produce too few hits)Select as a major topic (focuses on relevant hits)Select "do not explode" (may miss ...
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W C B L i b r a r y O n l i n e T r a i n i n g PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/
Wendy Hunt Library Services Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia Aug 2000
PubMed
Training Sessions
Pubmed I
A. Introduction
B. Keyword Search
C. Field Search
D. Combine History sets
Goals for PubMed I ÞSearch PubMed using keywords ÞRefine search results using fields, such as title, author, date ÞCombine search results on the History page ÞSave results to Word files
PubMed II
E. Medical Subject Headings = MeSH
F. Evidencebased Medicine/Practice
G. Other PubMed Tools
Goals for PubMed II ÞSearch using subject headings (MeSH) ÞRefine search results with evidencebased medicine/practice filters ÞUse other PubMed search tools ÞOrder articles using Loansome Doc
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Tip:Unable to attend a training session? Try working your way throughPubMed Iin order to understand the basics. Then experiment with the flexibility offered by this powerful search interface.Warning!Expect to be confused at first!
PubMed
PubMed II
E.Medical Subject Headings =MeSH
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ClickMeSH Browser(at left under: PubMed Services) Enter keywords in query box; clickGo If PubMed cannot match the keywords to a MeSH heading, a list of possible headings will be displayed; highlight a heading, clickBrowse this Term ClickDetailed Display Decide if the following options are useful: Selectsubheadings(may produce too few hits) Select as amajortopic(focuses on relevant hits) Select"donot explode"(may miss relevant hits) Click down arrow besideAND; selecteitherAND/OR/NOT ClickAddto enter MeSH heading into query box Select and combine multiple MeSH headings as required ClickReturn to PubMedto execute search
Employ extra keywords and limits torefinesearch
Try these sample searches using MeSH headings for underlined keywords:
(see #1#7)
Davidson as the author of review articles on posttraumatic stress disorder
New methods to treat tuberculosis (within last 5 years)
Effectiveness of TENS on delayed fracture healing
Hereditary factors in chondrocalcinosis, English reviews for the last 15 years
Tip:Start your search with a MeSH heading if possible. The MeSH heading will capture citations which keywords might miss due to changes in terminology. Generally, the MeSH heading provides a large set of topical citations which must be further refined by the addition of keywords and limits.
PubMed
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Tip:Need to find the "right" MeSH heading? Check the headings applied in relevant hits by displaying the citation in Medline format. F. Evidencebased Medicine/Practice
To find research carried out according to established methodologies, employ one of the following tools:
a. ClickLimitsand selectPublication Type ·Clinical Trial ·MetaAnalysis ·Randomized Controlled Trial
b. Select keywords from list ofMethodology Filters
(see page 11)
c. UseClinical Queriesset of methodology filters designed by NLM, a (under PubMed Services)
Tip:While the above tools are based on the same concepts, be aware that each operates differently and therefore retrieves different combinations of hits. Using Publication Type retrieves fewer hits than using keyword methodology filters. Relying only on Clinical Queries may be misleading about the amount of research available, because so few hits are retrieved.
G. Other PubMed Tools ·Help|FAQ ·Journal Matcher ·Single Citation Matcher ·Batch Citation Matcher ·Related articles ·Linkout to electronic journals ·Cubby ·Lonesome Doc ordering
PubMed
Attachments 1. Methodology Filters: Keywords 2. EBM Resources in the WCB Library 3. AND, OR, NOT and Parentheses
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PubMed
Attachment 1
Methodology Filters: Keywords
Therapy or Prevention Blind or blinded Case control Cohort Clinical trial* Controlled clinical trial* Controlled trial* Longitudinal Mask or masked Metaanalysis or metaanalysis Multicenter* or multicentre* Prospective Retrospective Random or randomized Sampling stud*
Diagnosis: Blind or blinded False negative False positive Mask or masked Observer variation Predict* Reliability Sensitivity Validity
Prognosis: Followup Outcome* Predict* Prognos* Survival analysis
Etiology or Harm: Cohort
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PubMed
Factor* Predict* Risk or risks Attachment 2
EBM Resources in the WCB Library
Books Fink, Arlene.Conducting research literature reviews: from paper to the Internet. Sage, 1998. Q 180.55 M4 F56 1998
Girden, Ellen R.Evaluating research articles: from start to finish.Sage, 1996. Q 180.55 E9 G57 1996
Gray, J. A. Muir.Evidencebased healthcare.Churchill Livingstone, 1997. W 84 FA1 E83 1997
Greenhalgh, Trisha.How to read a paper: the basics of evidence based medicine.BMJ, 1997. WB 102 G74 1997
McKibbon, Ann.PDQ: evidencebased principles and practice.Decker, 1999. WB 102 M35 1999
Mulrow, Cynthia D.Systematic reviews: synthesis of best evidence for health care decisions. American College of Physicians, 1998. W 20.5 S97 1998
Sackett, David L.Evidencebased medicine: how to practice and teach EBM.Churchill Livingstone, 1996. WB 102 E83 1996
Smith, Roger P.The Internet for physicians.Springer, 1999.
TK 5105.875 I57 S65 1999
Journals Evidencebased medicine.Philadelphia: American College of Physicians.
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Annals of Internal Medicine. Re: Systematic reviews.Medline UI: 98000759, 98031969, 97443113, 97410753, 97372760, 97339913, 97298580, 97267482, 97230750, 97192583, 97192581. Also in: Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence for Health Care Decisions. http://www.acponline.org/journals/annals/
British Journal of Occupational Therapy. Re: Evidencedbased practice.Nov 1997; 60(11).
BMJ: British Medical Journal. Re: How to read a paper.Medline UI: 97456617, 97469895, 97448635, 97430565, 97423669, 97420049, 97416513, 97397214, 97395413, 97047485.
Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Re: Evidencedbased practice.June 1998; 65(3).
CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. Re: Evidencebased care.Medline UI: 94215135, 94221491, 94228399, 94258611, 94258633.
PubMed
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JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association Journal. Re: Users' guides to the medical literature.Medline UI: 94017107, 94047574, 94081562, 94111266, 94142091, 94238765, 94293442, 95018983, 95230855, 95264525, 95356349, 96074267, 96097040, 96190449, 96210345, 97256508, 97297739, 97322140, 98140736, 94017108 Attachment 3
AND/OR/NOT and Parentheses
1. Boolean Logic & Operators
Boolean Logic ·Refers to the symbolic system which represents relationships betweenconcepts, numbers, objects ·In online searching,conceptsare represented bykeywordsorsearch terms ·UsesBoolean operatorsandparenthesesto build relationships between keywords ·The resulting hitlist or search results are known as aset ·Formulated by mathematician George Boole in 1847 in England
Boolean Operators ·AND/OR/NOT ·Used to structure relationships betweenkeywordsorsearch terms ·Are applied according to theOrder of Operations: AND first, left to right
ANDNarrows the search results ·Retrieves a set of records where every record containsallkeywords ·A keyword is combined with the others byAND ·UseANDto decrease the number of hits
For example:
salmonellaANDhamburger (both keywords must be included in every record)
ORBroadens the search results ·Retrieves a set where each record containsat least oneof the keywords ·A keyword is combined with others byOR ·UseORto increase the number of hits by pulling together articles onsimilartopics or to linksynonyms
PubMed
For example:
footballORhockeyORsoccer (one or more of the keywords must be included in every record)
NOTNarrows the search results and may exclude relevant articles ·UseNOTto exclude records containing those search terms ·Use theNOToperator with caution; it mayeliminaterelevantarticles
For example:
arthritisNOTletter(eliminates all records containing the keyword "letter", whether this is a publication type or a word in the abstract)
2. PARENTHESES ( )
When using Boolean logic, remember: ·The operatorsAND, OR, NOTare appliedleft to right ·ANDis appliedbeforeOR, NOT ·Use( )togroup concepts togetherto change the order of operations
For example: INPUT INTERPRETED toxicOR harmfulAND= toxic toluene OR(harmfulANDtoluene)
(toxicORharmful)AND= toluene (toxicORharmful)ANDtoluene
For example: INPUT INTERPRETED tolueneORbenzeneANDpetroleumORgasoline = tolueneOR(benzeneANDpetroleum)ORgasoline
(tolueneORbenzene)AND(petroleumORgasoline) =(tolueneORbenzene)AND(petroleumORgasoline)
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