Description and Improvement of the 'Whedo'-Aquaculture-System in Malanville (North of Benin) [Elektronische Ressource] / Melanie Erika Hauber. Betreuer: Karl Eduard Linsenmair
204
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2011
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204
pages
Documents
2011
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures
60
Poids de l'ouvrage
9 Mo
Publié par
Publié le
01 janvier 2011
Poids de l'ouvrage
9 Mo
Description and Improvement of the
‘Whedo’‐Aquaculture‐System
in Malanville (North of Benin)
DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES
NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN DOKTORGRADES
DER BAYERISCHEN JULIUS‐MAXIMILIANS‐UNIVERSTITÄT WÜRZBURG
VORGELEGT VON
MELANIE E. HAUBER
GEBOREN IN SINGEN AM HOHENTWIEL
WÜRZBURG May 2011
Eingereicht am:
Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission:
Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Th. Dandekar
1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. K. Eduard Linsenmair
2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. J. Tautz
Tag des Promotionskolloquiums:
Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:
Gewässer, ihr seid diejenigen, die uns Lebenskraft geben.
Helft uns Nahrung zu finden,
so dass wir andere mit großer Freude betrachten können.
( Rama Kishan Sharma)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES 9
LIST OF TABLES 12
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5
CHAPTER I
GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND STUDY SITE
1. THE PRESENT STATE OF THE WORLD FISHERY 18
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH AS PROTEIN SOURCE, ESPECIALLY IN AFRICA 19
3. FISHERY – IMPORTANCE TO THE POPULATION AND THREATS TO ITS
SUSTAINABILITY 22
4. AQUACULTURE 24
4.1 DEFINITION 5
4.2 HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE 2
4.3 AQUACULTURE – HOPE OR THREAT TO NATURAL RESOURCES? 26
4.4 WHAT KIND OF AQUACULTURE IS APPROPRIATE FOR SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA? 28
4.5 IMPORTANCE OF SMALL‐SCALE FISH FARMING 29
5. CURRENT INFORMATION ON THE STUDY SITE 31
5.1 BENIN 31
5.2 MALANVILLE 32
6. PERSPECTIVES AND OUTLINE OFTHE THESI 34
7. REFRENCES 7
CHAPTER II
ECOLOGY OF THE WHEDOAQUACULTURESYSTEM
1. INTRODUCTION 42
1.1 NOTES ON THE STUDY AREA AND THE RIVERS NIGER AND SOTA 42
1.1.1 CLIMATE 4
1.1.2 HYDROLOGY 3
1.1.3 LAND USE4
2. IMPORTANCE OF THE RIVER AND ITS FLOODPLAIN IN THE STUDY REGION 48
3. IMPORTANCE OF FISH FOR THE POPULATION OF MALANVILLE 49
4. THREATHS TOHE RIVER COSYTEM 51
5. ‘TSCHIF DAI’/WHEDO’ INTHE NORTH OFBENI 54
5.1 DEFINITION 54
5.2 HYDROLOGY
6. MACROPHYTES OFTHE ABITA ‘WHEDO’ 6
6.1 SEASONALITY OF THE FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION 56
6.2 ZONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE VEGETATION 7
6.3 INFLUENCE OF WATER QUALITY ON THE VEGETATION AND VICE VERSA 59
6.4 FREE‐FLOATING VEGETATION 60
6.5 IMPACT ON HUMAN ACTIVITIES2
7. WATER PARMETRS OFTHE ‘TSCHIF DAIS’ 63
7.1 WATER QUALITY ACCORDING TO HYDROLOGY AND SEASONALITY 64
7.2 SUITABILITY OF THE WATER QUALITY FOR FISH PRODUCTION 70
8. GEOLGY AND MAJOR SOIL CHARCTERISTCS 72
8.1 GEOLOGY OF THE COMMUNE MALANVILLE 72
8.2 MAJOR SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WHEDOS
9. TELOST FISH DIVERSITY OFTHE ‘TSCHIF DAIS’ 5
9.1 DIVERSITY OF THE RIVERS AND THE ‘WHEDOS’ AND THEIR SEASONALITY 76
9.2 INFLUENCE OF WATER PARAMETERS ON FISH DIVERSITY 81
9.3 HARVEST OF THE ‘WHEDOS’ 82
9.4 ADAPTATION OF ‘WHEDO’‐DWELLING FISH 84
9.5 NEW RECORDS OF FISH SPECIES IN THE RIVER NIGER 5
10. DISCUSION 88
11. RECOMMANDATION 89
11.1 MAINTENANCE OF THE FISH HOLES 89
11.2. POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 90
12. CONCLUSION 92
13. REFRENCES 3
CHAPTER III
CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF THE WHEDOAQUACULTURESYSTEM
1. INTRODUCTION 100
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 101
3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE ‘TSCHIFI DAIS’
3.1 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 101
3.2 SOCIAL STRUCTURE 102
3.3 STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY 102
4. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
4.1 MAINTENANCE 103
4.2 FEEDING REGIME108
4.3 STOCKING REGIME 108
5. EXPLOITATION
5.1 PERIOD AND FREQUENCY 109
5.2 GEARS AND FISHING METHODS 110
6. CATCH AND DISPOSITION OF HARVESTED FISH
6.1 DIVERSITY OF FISH 110
6.2 TOTAL AND SPECIES‐SPECIFIC ANNUAL BIOMASS HARVESTED 111
7 THE VALUE CHAIN 114
8 INCOME 115
9 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS 115
10 CONCLUSIONS 116
11 REFERENCES 118
CHAPTER IV
IMPROVEMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WHEDOAQUACULTURE
SYSTEM
1. INTRODUCTION 122
2. BASIC
