Adaptation of Wireless Access MAC Protocol for Real Time Packet Flows ; Bevielės prieigos MAC protokolo adaptacija realaus laiko duomenų srautams

VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY


Lukas Pavilanskas
Adaptation of Wireless Access MAC Protocol for Real
Time Packet Flows
Doctoral dissertation
Technological Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Electronics – 01T

Vilnius, 2007
VILNIAUS GEDIMINO TECHNIKOS UNIVERSITETAS


Lukas Pavilanskas
Beviel ės prieigos MAC protokolo adaptacija realaus laiko
duomen ų srautams
Daktaro disertacija
Technologijos mokslai, elektros ir elektronikos inžinerija – 01T


Vilnius, 2007 Doctor dissertation was prepared at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in 2003–2007.
Scientific Supervisor:
Prof Dr Habil Algimantas Kajackas (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University,
Technological Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Electronics – 01T)













In memory of
my Grandfather Bp. Jonas Viktoras Kalvanas (1914–1995),
and my Uncle Jnr. Bp. Jonas Jonas Kalvanas (1948–2003) Content iii
Content
Abbreviations and Acronyms ....................................................................................................vi
Principal Symbols......................................................................................................................ix
Lists of Figures and Tables....xi
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1
2. General Features of the IEEE 802.11 Networking .................................................................6
2.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................6
2.2. Essentials and Related Works..........................................................................................8
2.3. Research IEEE 802.11 in Lithuania...............................................................................16
2.4. Classified Conclusions...................................................................................................17
3. Technological Expenditures of Common WLAN Model.....................................................19
3.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................19
3.2. Model of Technological Expenditures in MAC Level ..................................................21
3.2.1. Components of Expenditures in IEEE 802.11 MAC..............................................22
3.2.2. The Interlayer Components of IEEE 802.3 LLC....................................................26
3.2.3. Components of IPv4 Encapsulation .......................................................................27
3.2.4. Expenditures of TCP Encapsulation29
3.2.5. Expenditures of UDP and RTP Encapsulation .......................................................31
3.2.6. Evolution of Technological Expenditures in MAC Level......................................32
3.2.7. The Reduction of Expenditures in MAC Level......................................................35
3.3. Technological Expenditures in Physical Level..............................................................36
3.3.1. Time Components of IEEE 802.11b.......................................................................37
3.3.2. Time Com2.11a38 Content iv
3.3.3. Time Components of IEEE 802.11g.......................................................................40
3.3.4. Evaluation of Technological Expenditures in Physical Level................................42
3.4. Technological Expenditures in the Channel Accessing.................................................43
3.4.1. Properties of CSMA/CA Random Access..............................................................44
3.4.2. Evaluation of Technological Expenditures in the Channel Access........................47
3.5. Classified Conclusions...................................................................................................49
4. Evaluation of Resource Utilization of IEEE 802.11.............................................................50
4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................50
4.2. Aspects of Interference Influence Modeling .................................................................51
4.2.1. Essentials of Interference in IEEE 802.11 Networking..........................................52
4.2.2. Performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN.....................................................................55
4.2.3. Model of Space/Time Multiplexing .......................................................................58
4.3. Model of TCP Properties in the Reliable IEEE 802.11 link60
4.3.1. Essentials of Flow Control in TCP Algorithms......................................................61
4.3.2. Long Random Delay Influence to the TCP ............................................................67
4.3.3. Modeling of TCP Algorithms in Reliable IEEE 802.11 Link ................................68
4.3.4. Modeling of TCP Reno Algorithm.........................................................................70
4.3.5. Modeling of TCP Vegas and Veno Algorithms .....................................................71
4.3.6. Requirements of Cross Layer Design to Improve TCP Performance ....................73
4.4. Evaluation of Traffic Aggregation Model .....................................................................75
4.4.1. Model of Simple Packet Aggregation Protocol (SPAP).........................................77
4.4.2. SPAP Influence Interconnection Points .................................................................79
4.5. Classified Conclusions...................................................................................................82
5. Voice Applied Customer Access..........................................................................................84
5.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................84
5.2. Connection Level Technological Expenditures.............................................................86
5.2.2. Basic PCF Operation Rules ....................................................................................88
5.2.3. Times of PHY Occupations90
5.2.4. Model of the Speech Established Traffic ...............................................................91
5.3. Voice Coding and Transmission Diagrams ...................................................................97
5.4. Voice Applied Customer Access Model......................................................................100
5.4.1. Performance of Voice Applied Customer Access ................................................102
5.4.2. Capacity of Voice Applied Customer Access ......................................................104
5.5. Classified Conclusions.................................................................................................106 Content v
6. General Conclusions...........................................................................................................107
References...............................................................................................................................109
Publications of the Author......................................................................................................121
Annex A..................................................................................................................................122
Annex B..........123
Annex C..........126
Annex D..........127
Abbreviations and Acronyms vi
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACK – Acknowledgment;
AID – Association Identifier;
AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone Systems;
AP/PC – Access Point/Point Coordinator;
AVTWG – Audio–Video Transport Working Group;
BER – Bit Error Rate;
BSSID – Basic Service Set Identity (ID);
CCK – Complementary Code Keying;
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access;
CFP – Contention Free Period;
CBR – Constant Bit Rate;
CP – Contention Period;
CPN – Customer Premise Network;
CSMA/CA – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance;
CTS – Clear To Send;
CW – Contention Window;
DCF – Distributed Coordination Function;
DIFS – DCF Inter Frame Space;
DNS – Domain Name Server;
DSAP – Destination Service Access Point;
DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum; Abbreviations and Acronyms vii
DSSS-OFDM – DSSS and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing;
DTIM – Delivery TIM;
ERP – Extended Rate PHY;
ERP–PBCC – ERP and Packet Binary Convolution Code;
FCS – Frame Check Sequence;
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service;
GSM – Global System for Mobile;
HC – Header Compression;
HCF – Hybrid Coordination Function;
IANA – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority;
IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force;
IP – Internet Protocol;
ISO – International Standardization Organization;
LAN – Local Area Network;
LLC – Logical Link Control;
MAC – Medium Access Control;
MEH – Minimal Encapsulation Header;
MPDU – MAC Protocol Data Unit;
NAV – Network Allocation Vector;