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IST Amigo Project Amigo Training Document: UMPS Version 1.0 IST-2004-004182 Public June 2007 Confidential Project Number : IST-004182 Project Title : Amigo Deliverable Type : Tutorial Deliverable Number : Title of Deliverable : UMPS Nature of Deliverable : Public Internal Document Number : Contractual Delivery Date : Actual Delivery Date : Contributing WPs : Version : 1.0 Author(s) : Otilia Kocsis, Elena Vidjiounaite, Maja Stikic, Todor Dimitrov, Edwin Naroska, Ron Mevissen, Stephan Tobies, Rich Hanbidge Abstract This tutorial teaches how to use the User modeling and profiling service (UMPS). UMPS provides the methodology to enhance the effectiveness and usability of services and interfaces in order to (a) tailor information presentation to user and context, (b) reason about user’s future behavior, (c) help the user to find relevant information, (d) adapt interface features to the user and the context in which it is used, (e) indicate interface features and information presentation features for their adaptation to a multi-user environment. Keyword list UMPS, user profiling, user preferences, user modeling, stereotypes Amigo IST-2004-004182 1/29 June 2007 Confidential Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction...................................................................................... ...
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IST Amigo Project Amigo Training Document: UMPS Version 1.0 IST-2004-004182 Public
June 2007
: IST-004182 : Amigo : Tutorial
Confidential
: : UMPS : Public :: : : : 1.0 : Otilia Kocsis, Elena Vidjiounaite, Maja Stikic, Todor Dimitrov, Edwin Naroska, Ron Mevissen, Stephan Tobies, Rich Hanbidge
Project NumberProject TitleDeliverable TypeDeliverable NumberTitle of Deliverable Nature of Deliverable Internal Document NumberContractual Delivery DateActual Delivery DateContributing WPsVersion Author(s)Abstract This tutorial teaches how to use the User modeling and profiling service (UMPS). UMPS provides the methodology to enhance the effectiveness and usability of services and interfaces in order to (a) tailor information presentation to user and context, (b) reason about user’s future behavior, (c) help the user to find relevant information, (d) adapt interface features to the user and the context in which it is used, (e) indicate interface features and information presentation features for their adaptation to a multi-user environment. Keyword list UMPS, user profiling, user preferences, user modeling, stereotypes
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TableofContents...................................................................................................21Introduction ..................................................................................................... 31.1.....3................................................................................................isiu.set........................Prereq1.2How to use this document ........................................................................................................ 32System and software requirements ............................................................... 43..................................................................5....SP..MU........................................3.1e...cturhitearcMUSP................................................................................................................63.2Deployment ............................................................................................................................... 64 7Using the UMPS tools .....................................................................................4.1Managing Stereotypes .............................................................................................................. 74.1.1................toersepygnitetSCrea........................................................................................8...4.1.2Creating a new user profile............................................................................................... 104.1.3Retrieving user profile properties..................................................................................... 154.1.4 15Setting user profile properties ..........................................................................................4.2 16Using the GUI to manipulate user preferences....................................................................4.2.1Using the GUI .................................................................................................................. 175Using the UMPS API .................................................................................... 215.1 21UMPS client in .NET..............................................................................................................5.1.1Complete client code ........................................................................................................ 245.1.2Executing the client .......................................................................................................... 266Recommended next steps.............................................................................. 29
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1 Introduction This document is a tutorial about how to use the User modeling and profiling service (UMPS). UMPS provides the methodology to enhance the effectiveness and usability of services and interfaces in order to (a) tailor information presentation to user and context, (b) reason about user’s future behavior, (c) help the user to find relevant information, (d) adapt interface features to the user and the context in which it is used, (e) indicate interface features and information presentation features for their adaptation to a multi-user environment. The tutorial will teach how to use the tools that come along with UMPS and how to access user information via the UMPS API.
1.1 Prerequisites Amigo training blocks typically requires some Amigo related as well as non Amigo related skills or knowledge. These are given in the following: Non Amigo related prerequisites: o reader should be familiar with either Java or C# to easily follow the The explanations.o reader should be familiar with an integrated development environment The (IDE) for the programming language that shall be used. It is suggested to use either Eclipse 3.2 (or higher) for Java or Visual Studio 2005 for C#. Amigo related prerequisites: The user should be familiar with the deployment frameworks. To this end, theWeb Services tutorial be used (see may https://gforge.inria.fr/frs/?group_id=160). For some general information on the Amigo project please refer to the Amigo project web site attthcom/euprrojects.ihethcp-:p//ww.wmth.xe/atsecojnd/igomi.
1.2 How to use this document This document aims at providing the reader with valuable information about how to use the Amigo middleware. To this end it gives a step by step introduction where explanations are accompanied with short programming assignments. Please proceed to the document section by section and step by step and try to do the assignments. In order to save some typing, an appropriate set of template files is given. These template files already include a programming frame that must be extend by you in order to complete the assignment. For information on how where to obtain these template files please refer to Chapter 2. If code is printed in normal text, it is shown in italic. This example shows how the method namensuscub()ribeembedded in a box as shown below:is printed. Entire code blocks are using(Serviceservice =newAddService(securedService)) { WebServer.AddWebService(serviceLocation, service); Console.WriteLine("Sample service 2 running."+ Environment.NewLine + "Press <return> to quit"); Console.ReadLine(); }
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2 System and software requirements For the tutorial you need a PC compatible system with the following properties: running Windows XP, Vista or Windows Server 2003. PC working network connection if server and client applications shall be executed on A different machines. If your are using Java, then the following software is needed: Development Kit. This is a general package needed for Java software Software Java development. The package is available frompt/:thmn.coa.su/jav. Oscar. Oscar is a open source OSGi framework. This software is available from http://amigo.gforge.inria.fr/obr/tools/. For the .Net following software components must be installed: .Net Framework 2.0 or higher Microsoft Amigo .NET deployment framework msi installation file can be downloaded from installation. The UMPS https://gforge.inria.fr/frs/?group_id=160. Please download and install the package. Note that the UMPS service is only available as .NET version. However, Java applications may also use UMPS via the Web Services interface. A set of template files have been prepared in order to help you running the practical parts of this tutorial. These files can be found in branch labeld “UMPS\Code”. It is recommended that you use these templates in order to save some typing. The entire package including these templates along with some other files can be downloaded fromhttps://gforge.inria.fr/frs/?group_id=160. Note that all path names that are referred to in this document are relative to the folder the package will be extracted to. Note further, that there is a separate directory names “UMPS\Code_Solution” in the package. This directory contains the complete solutions. You may use them as a reference.
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3 UMPS User modeling and profiling service (UMPS) provides the methodology to enhance the effectiveness and usability of services and interfaces in order to (a) tailor information presentation to user and context, (b) reason about user’s future behavior, (c) help the user to find relevant information, (d) adapt interface features to the user and the context in which it is used, (e) indicate interface features and information presentation features for their adaptation to a multi-user environment. These goals are achieved by constructing, maintaining and exploiting user models and profiles, which are explicit representations of individual user’s preferences. User profile updates will be performed using static and dynamic modeling methodologies.The User Modeling and Profiling Service (UMPS) models and maintains user profiles by means of personalization of content and user interfaces, by combining this information in user profiles and by keeping histories. It handles multiple user profiles and more complex or aggregated information and publishes new information. This service enables the applications to become personalized. The current trend in user modeling and profiling research has evolved from representation of groups of users using a certain system in certain conditions, to personalization of these systems towards individual users preferences and requirements. Personalization applies to different system components and application domains, but in particular to user interfaces (e.g., graphical, gesture, voice-based) and content (e.g., multimedia). Personalization depends on the initial knowledge of the system about its potential users and the mechanism used to learn user’s behavior and preferences. But, it also depends heavily on the context in which the system is used. Therefore the system should be adaptable to the context. In addition, system behavior and adaptation to multi-user environments must be considered. Personalization of user interfaces comprises several advantages. It can be used to adapt the appearance and structure to the user and the user’s way of behaving to provide interfaces that are more effective and acceptable for all users. Today, adaptation of the appearance is commonly used in all kinds of graphical user interfaces. The user can choose, for example, background images, color of menu bars and dialog windows, and sort menu entries into customized submenus. Normally, this sorting has to be done by the user. But it is also imaginable that this sorting is done automatically and the user has just to describe the idea of different submenus (e.g. into this submenu put every multimedia device). This approach would support flexible systems with dynamical services like the Amigo system. Such flexibility in the user interface could also allow adaptation of the input recognition part of user-system interaction acts to help to prevent misinterpretations. For example, a speech interface could be adapted to the user’s voice and expressions to reduce the error ratio of the subsystems. Furthermore the information about user behavior can be used to predict future inputs and offer shortcuts to reach the interaction goal in a more effective way (e.g. less interaction steps). Personalization of multimedia content implies presentation of different multimedia items (e.g., videos, music or news) to different users based on their preferences. For example, one person likes action movies, and another person does not like violence scenes at all; one person is interested in news about politics, and another one about football, and so on. However, these personal preferences depend also on the current situation (context) of the person. There could be multimedia content which parents do not want to watch in the presence of their children, but which they would prefer when they are alone; even the person who almost never watches news about political events most probably will want to see the news about such important events as the result of a presidential election or a major terrorist attack; generally, the presentation of the news should be perhaps very short in the morning of a work day and be more detailed later in the evening, while on weekends the news can already be presented in more details in the morning. Thus, user models for personalization of multimedia content
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should be context-dependent and should be able to learn from user-system interaction in different contexts over time.
3.1 UMPS architecture The User Modeling and Profiling Service consists of the following main components, some representing services by themselves: Reasoning Module. This service is responsible for exploring the user profile and responding to other service requests either for parts of the user profile (collection of user preferences for a particular situation) or discrete preferences. Services and applications can use the IUserProfileQuerying interface to explore the profiles. Static Modeler. This service is responsible for the creation, removal and modification of user profiles at user’s or application’s request. For the user, a GUI will be provided, allowing him to modify preference values, or to enable or disable the modeling of a series of preferences corresponding to a branch in the user profile. For services and applications the IUserProfileManagementinterface is provided. Feedback Analyzer. This service will enable the update of the profile at system’s initiative, based on explicit or implicit user feedback. The interface provided to log user feedback is the IUserFeedbackLogginginterface. Context Module. This service provides access to the context history data gathered by the Context Management Service (CMS) based on synchronous queries and asynchronous event-based subscriptions. In order to receive the «context changed» events, theIEventMonitorinterface is provided.Dynamic Modeler.responsible for the modification (update) of the user component is This profile at runtime, using the logged user feedback and context history data. It is composed by 4 subcomponents: (1) Stereotype Activator, (2) Multimedia Dynamic Modeler, (3) Speech Dynamic Modeler and (4) Automatic Updater. Each of these subcomponents represents services that will be used by the other components of UMPS, and provide the corresponding interfaces,ITrigger,MIledoMultimed,pSeehcIModelandIUpdate. Multi-Profile Aggregator.This component provides an aggregated profile in case of multiple users found in the same context (i.e. the same room).
3.2 Deployment An operational user modeling and profiling service should have installed at least the Reasoning Module and the Static Modeler, the basic components for management and querying of user profiles. User profiles and the library of stereotypes are stored in an Access database for the first software version. Reasoning Module and Static Modeler are accessing the database through a common .NET module (DBInterface). This minimum installation enables only direct manipulation of user profiles. In order to take advantage of enhanced user modeling and profiling methodology, the rest of the components should also be installed. In addition, application and service providers are provided with a Stereotypes Manager module in order to modify the library of stereotypes.
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4.1 Managing Stereotypes User profile initialization is based on a stereotypes library to overcome cost and time expenses of profiles initialization through the system. Note that the stereotypes library is typically configured and updated by system and application providers but not by end users. Stereotypes can be visualized using a tree like structure where the root is the “ANY PERSON” _ stereotype. The picture below shows a partial view on the stereotype library as it is displayed by the StereoTypes Manager.
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each key describes an aspect that is related to the stereotype. Further, a “trigger” defines a term that controls the affiliation of specific individual to a stereotype. Note that a stereotype may consist or include other stereotypes. describe Keysa specific aspect of an individual. Keys are associated with a value and a rating, where the value is an integer between -5 and 5 describing the strength and direction of the connection between the aspect and the corresponding stereotype. Here, -5 denotes the strongest negative connection, while +5 denotes the strongest positive connection. Further, the rating value denotes the confidence with respect to the value. The rating is between 0 (least confidence) and 1000 (max confidence). In the manager, keys are displayed with a capital “K”. For example, a vegetarian person does not eat beef. Hence, the value for beaf would be -5 with confidence (rating) 1000. can be used logically group a set of keys or a set of included classes. As a “Classes” result, a class may contain other classes or keys. For example, the class “Preferences” groups together various kinds of preferences (FoodPreferences, MultimediaPreferences, etc.). “Triggers” associate a specific term with a stereotype. For example, the term “Adult_Person” is associated with the stereotype “Adult”.
4.1.1 Creating Stereotypes In the following it is shown how a stereotype is created using the StereType Manager tool. In detail we will add the stereotype “GAMER” to the root “ANY_PERSON”. To this end perform the following steps: 1. Start “C:\UMPS\Software\Manager.exe” application, and the interface that allow you to edit the stereotypes database will be shown. 2. Browse Stereotypes library tree on the left to show different types of stereotypes. 3. Go to “ANY_PERSON” stereotype. Right click with the mouse and choose “Add ->Stereotype”. In the right side of the GUI, in the “Name” text box enter “GAMER”. Press the “Apply” button on the bottom-right side of the GUI.
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4. Right-click the “GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Trigger”. Enter trigger name “Gamer” and press “Apply”. 5. Right-click the “GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Class”. In the right “Name” combo box choose “Preferences and press “Apply”. ” 6. Right-click the “Preferences” class under the “GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Class”. Choose the “MultiMediaPrefs” name and press “Apply”. 7. Right-click the “MultiMediaPrefs” class under the “GAMER/Preferences” class and choose “Add-> Class”. Choose the “GamesPrefs” name and press “Apply”.
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8. Right-click the “GamesPrefs” class under the “GAMER/Preferences/MultiMediaPrefs” class and choose “Add-> Class”. Choose the “GamesGenrePrefs” name and press “Apply”. 9. Right-click the “GamesGenrePrefs” class and choose “Add -> Key”. Choose the “fighting” name, enter Value “2”, enter Rating “800” and press “Apply”. Repeat this for keys “card”, “strategy”, and “combat”. As a result, the stereotype tree will look like shown below. The meaning is that a gamer has s specific set of preferences for games. Note that this list is not intended to be complete.
As a next step we are going to add a specific variation of a gamer, the on-line gamer”. To “ this end proceed with the following steps: 10. Go to “GAMER” stereotype. Right click with the mouse and choose “Add ->Stereotype”. In the right side of the GUI, in the “Name” text box enter “ONLINE_GAMER”. Press the “Apply” button on the bottom-right side of the GUI. 11. Right-click the “ONLINE_GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Trigger”. Enter trigger name “Online_Gamer” and press “Apply . ” 12. Right-click the “ONLINE_GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Class”. In the right “Name” combo box choose “Preferences” and press “Apply”. 13. Right-click the “Preferences” class under the “ONLINE_GAMER” stereotype and choose “Add -> Class”. Choose the “MultiMediaPrefs” name and press “Apply”. 14. Right- _ click the “MultiMediaPrefs” class under the “ONLINE GAMER/Preferences” class and choose “Add-> Class”. Choose the “GamesPrefs” name and press “Apply”.
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15. Right-click the “GamesPrefs” class under the _ “ONLINE GAMER/Preferences/MultiMediaPrefs” class and choose “Add-> Class”. Choose the “GamesGenrePrefs” name and press “Apply”. 16. Right-click the “GamesGenrePrefs” class and choose “Add -> Key”. Choose the “combat” name, enter Value “2”, enter Rating “800” and press “Apply”. Repeat this for key “strategy”. The new tree should look like this:
4.1.2 Creating a new user profile Personal details must be directly acquired from the user and added to the profile. These data are also analyzed to extract triggers and activate stereotypes (i.e. if age <18 trigger=”Child”, else trigger=”Adult”, etc.). The following instructions show how to add a new user profile, for a guest named Andrew: 1. Start “C:\UMPS\Software\StaticModeler.exe” service.
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