SECTION A – INTRODUCTION TO AUDIT MANUAL
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CGIAR Centers Internal Audit Audit Manual – Section A SECTION A – INTRODUCTION TO AUDIT MANUAL Purpose The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA)’s International Standards and Code of Ethics, which form part of the IIA’s Professional Practice Framework, have been adopted by the CGIAR in July 2001 and have been incorporated in CGIAR Financial Guideline No. 3 – Audit. The Representatives of Internal Audit Services of United Nations Organizations, Multilateral Financial Institutions and Associated Organizations (of which the CGIAR Internal Auditing Unit is a member) reviewed the IIA’s Professional Practice Framework for compatibility with internal audits of international public organizations and adopted it, without reservation, in June 2002. The Definition of Internal Auditing, the Code of Ethics, and the Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing contained in the Framework are therefore the basis for conducting internal audits by CGIAR internal auditors. This Manual is prepared in response to IIA Standard 2040 ‐ Policies and Procedures, by which “the chief audit executive must establish policies and procedures to guide the internal audit activity.” The purpose of this Manual is to provide a common basis for all CGIAR internal auditors to carry out their work at a standard consistent with the IIA Professional Practice Framework. However ...
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CGIAR Centers Internal Audit Audit Manual – Section A SECTIONA–INTRODUCTIONTOAUDITMANUALPurposeTheInstituteofInternalAuditors(IIA)’sInternationalStandardsandCodeofEthics,whichformpartoftheIIA’sProfessionalPracticeFramework,havebeenadoptedbytheCGIARinJuly2001andhavebeenincorporatedinCGIARFinancialGuidelineNo.3–Audit.TheRepresentativesofInternalAuditServicesofUnitedNationsOrganizations,MultilateralFinancialInstitutionsandAssociatedOrganizations(ofwhichtheCGIARInternalAuditingUnitisamember)reviewedtheIIA’sProfessionalPracticeFrameworkforcompatibilitywithinternalauditsofinternationalpublicorganizationsandadoptedit,withoutreservation,inJune2002.TheDefinitionofInternalAuditing,theCodeofEthics,andtheStandardsfortheProfessionalPracticeofInternalAuditingcontainedintheFrameworkarethereforethebasisforconductinginternalauditsbyCGIARinternalauditors.ThisManualispreparedinresponsetoIIAStandard2040 ‐PoliciesandProcedures,bywhich“thechiefauditexecutivemustestablishpoliciesandprocedurestoguidetheinternalauditactivity.”ThepurposeofthisManualistoprovideacommonbasisforallCGIARinternalauditorstocarryouttheirworkatastandardconsistentwiththeIIAProfessionalPracticeFramework.However,theManualisnotdesignedtobeall‐inclusive,orundulyrestrictive.Itsprovisionsandproceduresareintendedtosupplementtheexperience,competencies,skills,andjudgmentofauditorsinplanning,conductingandreportingonauditsandinmanagingtheoverallinternalauditactivity.TheAuditManualismeanttoassistCGIARinternalauditorstoeffectivelyperformtheirauditingduties,topromoteconsistencyofworkacrossallCenters,toprovideauditeeswithareferenceguideastohowinternalauditorswork,andtoprovidethebenchmarksforconductinginternalandexternalqualityassurancereviewsoftheinternalauditactivity.RelationshiptotheIIAStandardsInternalauditpracticeintheCGIARshouldbefullycompatiblewith,anddesignedtoimplementinpractice,theIIACodeofConductandStandards.Itshouldalsoapply,whererelevant,theIIAPracticeAdvisories.ThroughoutthisManual,thespecificpoliciesandrequirementsidentifiedforCGIARinternal
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CGIAR Centers Internal Audit Audit Manual – Section A auditorswillbecross‐referencedtotherelevantpartsoftheProfessionalPracticeFramework.TheManualwillbeupdatedwhenevertheFrameworkisamended.ApplicabilityThisManualwillapplytoallinternalauditactivitycarriedoutintheCGIARSystem,whetherforCGIARCenters,forjointventuresledbyCenterssuchasChallengePrograms,forSystemOfficeUnitsorotherentitiesthatformpartoftheCGIARSystem.ThepoliciesandpracticerequirementssetoutintheManualwillbeobservedbyallCGIARinternalauditors.ThiscomprisestheinternalauditorsoftheCGIARInternalAuditingUnit(IAU)andallCenter‐hiredinternalauditors.Thepoliciessetoutthebasicprinciplesandthepracticerequirementselaborateonwhatisnecessarytoapplytheseprincipleseithergenerallyorincertain,particularsituations.Wheninternalauditsareoutsourcedonshorttermconsultingcontracts,thecontractedauditorsshouldbemadeawareoftheManual,particularlythosesectionsdealingwiththeCodeofConductandwiththemanagementoftheauditengagementcycle,andagreetoperformtheirauditsinconformitywiththeIIAStandardsusingthesesectionsoftheManualasaguide.WherethecontractedauditorshavetheirowninternalauditpoliciesandrequirementsthesemaybefollowedprovidedtheyarecompatiblewiththeIIAStandardsandthisManual.TitlesManualreferencestoBoardsofTrusteesandAuditCommitteesalsoapplytothoseequivalentCenterbodieswhichhaveothernames.ThisManualreferstoaCenter’sHeadofInternalAudit.ThisisthepersondeterminedbytheBoardofTrusteesorAuditCommitteetobethechiefauditexecutivefortheCenter.InmanycasesthiswillbetheCGIARIAUDirector,orAssociateDirectorsactinginhis/herstead.InothercasesthiswillbeaCenter‐ hiredInternalAuditor.InsuchcasestheCGIARIAUDirectorandAssociateDirectorswillbackstopandsupportthisHeadofInternalAudit,accordingtothearrangementsagreedbetweentheCenterandtheCGIARIAU.
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CGIAR Centers Internal Audit Audit Manual – Section A ApprovalandPublicationTheManualhasbeendevelopedinaconsultativeprocessinvolvingallCGIARinternalauditors,andauditeesasrepresentedbythemembersoftheCGIARInternalAuditConsortiumBoardofSponsors.TheagreedManualispublishedbytheCGIARIADirectorbypostingontheIAWebsite.UpdateThisManualisintendedtobealivingdocumentandwillbesubjecttoafullreviewatleasteverytwoyears.IdeallythiscanbedoneinconjunctionwithabiennialprofessionaldevelopmenteventforCGIARinternalauditors,wherebysignificantamendmentscanbediscussedandagreedamongpractitionersinaroundtableformat.WhereaneedforamendmentisidentifiedbyanyCGIARinternalauditorinbetweensuchfullreviews,theymaybeputforwardforconsiderationatanytime.TheprocessthatwillbefollowedfortheupdateoftheManualwillbeasfollows:(a) Minorupdates–e.g.reformatting,correctionsoftypographicerrors,rewordingforclarifications,adjustmentofIIAorotherreferences,oradditionstodiscussionsections–willbereviewedbytheCGIARIAUDirectorandwithhis/heragreementwillbeadoptedimmediately,andtheupdatedsectionsoftheManualpostedontheIAwebsitetoreplacetheearlierversions(b) OthersuggestionsforupdatewillbecirculatedelectronicallytoallCGIARinternalauditors,byanyCGIARinternalauditors,forcommentsandagreement.(c) Afteraperiodofonemonth,andifnoobjectionsorcounter‐proposalsaremadebyanyinternalauditors,thesuggestionwillbeadoptedandtheCGIARIAUwillpublisharevisedversionoftheManualincorporatingthesuggestion.(d) Ifobjectionsorcounter‐proposalsaremade,thesewillbesubjecttoelectronicdiscussionamongtheCGIARinternalauditors,moderatedbytheCGIARIAUDirector,foraperiodofanothermonthaftertheendofthefirstmonth.Ifaconsensusontheoriginalorarevisedversionofthesuggestioncanbeachievedbytheendoftheadditionalmonth,thiswillbeadoptedinthesamemanneras(a)above.
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CGIAR Centers Internal Audit Audit Manual – Section A (e) Thestepin(d)abovemaybewaivedifthecounter‐proposalisforminorchanges,whichcanbeacceptedatthediscretionoftheCGIARIAUDirector.(f) Ifaconsensusisnotachievedafterstep(d),avoteofallCGIARinternalauditorswillbetakenduringafurther,thirdmonth,oftheproposaloralternativeproposalspresentedandtheproposalthatreceivesa51%orgreatermajorityofthosevotingbytheendofthatthirdmonth,andiscompatiblewiththeIIACodeofEthicsandStandards,willbeadopted.(g) Wherethechangeissubstantive,theagreedchangeswillbecirculatedtotheCentersthroughthemembersoftheCGIARInternalAuditConsortiumBoardofSponsors.Thesameprocessasforsteps(b‐f)abovewillthenapplyinrespectoftheSponsors.SubstantivechangeswillbedeterminedbytheCGIARIAUDirectorandwillinclude(i)newsections;or(ii)sectionswherepolicyrequirementsarechanged.VersioncontrolTheCGIARIAUDirectorisresponsibleforversioncontrol.ThedateofissueofeachSectionoftheManualwillbeindicatedonthefooterofeachpage.Thisdatewillbechangedwheneverthereisasubstantivechangetocontent,butnotforformattingchanges.ElectroniccopiesofoldversionsofManualSectionswillbearchivedinaCGIARIAUfile.
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