Managing Urban Expansion in Mongolia
134
pages
English
Documents
2010
YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication
134
pages
English
Documents
2010
YouScribe est heureux de vous offrir cette publication
Publié par
Publié le
03 mai 2010
Nombre de lectures
17
EAN13
9780821383155
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo
The government tries to control expansion of the city, particularly ger areas, but its policy practices have been inconsistent. These inconsistent actions are, in part, a result of limited awareness and understanding by the general public, as well as by the policy makers, of the public costs of their actions. There is high susceptibility to ad-hoc behaviors that place premiums on short-term private gains over long-term value-creation in public goods. Many supporting mechanisms, including land valuation and taxation, have not yet been developed to create incentives for long-term value creation.
Mongolia: Enhancing Policies and Practices for Ger Area Development in Ulaanbaatar aims at helping policy makers and citizens of Ulaanbaatar to improve their understanding of the consequences of their choices of policies and practices. Specifically, it intends to provide clear cost and benefit implications of three different development paths (central, mid-tier, and fringe gers) for seven sectors (land and housing, water supply, roads and public transport, heating, electricity, solid waste, and social services). The report is a best practice in urban planning exercise which provides useful information that can apply for other big cities.
Publié par
Publié le
03 mai 2010
Nombre de lectures
17
EAN13
9780821383155
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
2 Mo
Managing Urban
Expansion in Mongolia
Takuya KamataBest Practices
James Reichert
in Scenario-Based Tumentsogt Tsevegmid
Yoonhee KimUrban Planning
Brett Sedgewick
THE WORLD BANKMANAGING URBAN
EXPANSION IN MONGOLIAManaging Urban
Expansion in Mongolia
Best Practices in Scenario-Based
Urban Planning
Takuya Kamata
James Reichert
Tumentsogt Tsevegmid
Yoonhee Kim
Brett Sedgewick
THE WORLD BANK
Washington, D.C.© 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: feedback@w
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /
The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not neces-
sarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,
colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judge-
ment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement
or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this
work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruc-
tion and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant
permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete
information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA;
telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.
All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Offi ce of
the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422;
e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8314-8
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8315-5
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8314-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Managing urban expansion in Mongolia : best practices in scenario-based urban planning / Takuya
Kamata ... [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8213-8314-8 -- ISBN 978-0-8213-8315-5 (electronic)
1. City planning--Mongolia--Ulaanbaatar. I. Kamata, Takuya. II. World Bank.
HT169.M652M455 2010
307.1'216095173--dc22
2010013121
Cover photos: Takuya Kamata/World Bank (center); Michael Foley, former World Bank staff/consul-
tant and photographer
Cover design: The Word Express, Inc.Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Currency, Abbreviations, and Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Policy Directions and Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xx
Implications for Planning and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
CHAPTER 1. Introduction: Background, Scope, and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Scope and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
CHAPTER 2. Development Context: Governmental, Socioeconomic,
and Local Profi le . . . .5
Government and Administrative Structure in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Socioeconomic Profi le of Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Current Status and Development Assumptions of Three Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
CHAPTER 3. Land and Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Legal, Institutional, and Policy Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
General Household Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Land and Housing in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Implications of Ger Area Housing Development Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
CHAPTER 4. Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Status of Current Water Supply in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
City Center Ger (Naran), 11th Khoroo, Bayangol District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Midtier Ger (Bayankhoshuu), 8th Khoroo, Songino Khairkhan District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Fringe Ger (Sharhad), 9th Khoroo, Bayanzürkh District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
CHAPTER 5. Municipal Roads and Public Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Current Status of Roads in City Center, Midtier, and Fringe Gers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Current Status of Public Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Options and Challenges for Service Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36VI MANAGING URBAN EXPANSION IN MONGOLIA: BEST PRACTICES IN SCENARIO-BASED URBAN PLANNING
CHAPTER 6. Solid Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Overview of Current Solid Waste Management in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Options for Service Improvements for Solid Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Financial and Economic Implications for Improved Solid Waste Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
CHAPTER 7. Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Current Status of Heating in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Options for Service Improvements and Financial Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
CHAPTER 8. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Overview of Current Status of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Current Status of Electricity in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Options for Service Improvements in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
CHAPTER 9. Education and Health Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Current Status of Education and Health Service Provision in Ger Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Options for Service Improvements and Financial Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
CHAPTER 10. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Implications for Planning and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
ENDNOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
APPENDIXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
A. Technical Note on the Analysis of the 2008 Household Socioeconomic Survey . . . . . . .91
B. City Center Ger Planning Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
C. Ulaanbaatar District Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
D. Distribution and Distances of Water Kiosks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
E. Plan of Water Supply Pilot Project in Dambadarjaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
