Kick Racism Out of Schools, Soccer and Society Literature Review ...

Kick Racism Out of Sports, Schools and Society

142471-LLP-1-2008-1-NO-COMENIUS-CMP

Kick
Racism
Out
of
Schools,
Soccer

and
Society



Literature
Review


Phase
1:
first
draft




Contents

1
Introduction;
Sport
and
racism........................................................................................4

2
Social
cohesion
and
integration:
Overview......................................................................4

2.1
European
Context......................................................................................................5

3
Methodology....................................................................................................................7

4
Research
Review..............................................................................................................8

4.1
Sport
and
social
inclusion..........................................................................................8

4.1.1
Youth
development............................................................................................8

4.1.2
Community
development...................................................................................9

4.1.3
Educational
attainment
and
sport
(?)..............................................................10

4.2
Social
inclusion
and
discrimination
in
sport
(participation).....................................11

4.3
Diversity,
anti
racism,
education.............................................................................13

5
RESPONSES.....................................................................................................................15

5.1
European
Commission
funded
initiatives................................................................15

5.2
Member
state
sponsored
bodies/initiatives............................................................15

5.2.1
United
Kingdom................................................................................................15

5.3
FOOTBALL
SPECIFIC
RESPONSES..............................................................................18

5.4
Europe.....................................................................................................................18

5.5
England....................................................................................................................19

5.5.1
Anti
Racism.......................................................................................................20

5.5.2
Community
Development................................................................................22

5.6
Other
examples.......................................................
Feil!
Bokmerke
er
ikke
definert.


6
Curriculum
and
good
practice........................................................................................25

6.1
Classroom
based
education
examples.....................................................................25

6.1.1
Arsenal..............................................................................................................25

6.1.2
Kick
it
out..........................................................................................................26

6.1.3
Show
racism
the
red
card.................................................................................33


Page
2
of
47
142471-LLP-1-2008-1-NO-COMENIUS-CMP
© The Change Institute

6.1.4
Football
Unites
Racism
Divides........................................................................33

6.2
Community
development
and
integration
initatives...............................................35

6.2.1
Vard..................................................................................................................35

6.2.2
Kick
it
out..........................................................................................................35

6.2.3
Football
foundation
&
Kickz.............................................................................37

6.2.4
Norway
street
soccer.......................................
Feil!
Bokmerke
er
ikke
definert.


6.3
Development
and
training
courses
(Sports)............................................................37

6.4
Development
and
training
courses
(Teacher
training)............................................38

6.4.1
Kick
it
Out.........................................................................................................38

6.4.2
Show
Racism
Red
Card.....................................................................................38

6.5
Higher
Education
courses........................................................................................38


Page
3
of
47
142471-LLP-1-2008-1-NO-COMENIUS-CMP
© The Change Institute


1

Introduction: Sport and racism

Most
countries
of
Europe
have
seen
increasing
levels
of
migration
and
demographic

changes
in
recent
years.
However,
the
adjustments
that
both
migrating
and
receiving

communities
need
to
make
to
adapt
to
each
other
have
not
kept
pace
with
the
scale
of

social
changes
taking
place.
Consequently
numerous
fault
lines
and
areas
of
conflict
exist
in

society,
which
if
not
addressed
can
flourish
in
the
form
of
racism
and
xenophobia.

The

Eurobarometer
2007

survey
shows
that
levels
of
prejudice
towards
ethnic
minorities
remain

high,
but
also
that
the
longer
people
benefited
from
education,
the
more
they
favour
the

concept
of
a
multicultural
society
.

All
countries
share
concerns
about
integration
and
issues

of
equality
and
anti‐discrimination.
Additionally
as
the
fear
of
terrorism
spreads,
community

cohesion
has
become
as
a
key
national
priority
in
many
member
states.


The
EU
also
recognises
and
seeks
to
address
these
problems
through
its
anti‐discrimination

legislation
and
social
inclusion
policies.
It
emphasises
the
need
to
create
genuinely

intercultural
societies
as
evidenced
by
this
current
Year
of
Intercultural
Dialogue.
The

organisations
involved
in
the
proposed
project
have
a
clear
understanding
of
indicators
of

inequality
and
discrimination
in
education
and
society
through
well
established
service

monitoring
frameworks
and
a
vast
track
record
in
addressing
educational
and
social

inequalities
based
on
strong
evidence
of
need.


Education
and
sports
organisations
are
traditionally
at
the
forefront
of
addressing
these

issues
within
schools,
communities
and
the
wider
public.
However
sports
themselves
are

not
immune
from
the
discrimination
and
predjudices
of
broader
society
as
numerous

incidents
in
many
football
grounds
from
around
Europe
show.&#