S.V.U.Oriental Journal.vol-III,PART 1&2

SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY (irt^ntal leurrai TIRUPATI. EDITOR: Dr. T. A. PURUSHOTTAM, M. A.. Ph.D.. (Loiid). Director^ Oriental Research însîitute. Vol. IIL ]%0. (Paris 1 & 2] SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL JOURNAL TIRUPATI. editor: Dr. T. A. PURUSHOTTAM, M.A,, Ph.D., (Loxid), Dîrector^ Oriental Research Institute, Vol. III] 1960 [Parts 1 & 2 CONTENTS. Pages ENGLISH. 1. Sri Gayatri Sahasranama—A Study ... 1 Arya Ramachandra G, Tiwari, Ph.D., 2. Buddhist Contribution to Sanskrit Literature Dr. V, Varadachari, ... 17 MJ., Ph.D., Bip. in French & German. ... 3. Logic of Samkhya Dr. K. C. Varadachari, M.A., Ph.D., 27 4. Bhagavadgita and (Sankara, its Interprétation ... 35 Ramanuja and Anandatirtha) Gopalaswaml îyen^ar, M. A., Plates of Sadasivaraya ... Sri T. K. 5. T. T. D. Dr. Muséum 44 M. Rama Rao, M. A., Ph.D., ... 6. Some Observations on Sri N. Sanskrit Manuscripts 53 Suhramania in Sasîri, M. A., DîpL Lib. Se, ... 7. Sri Krishna Telugu Literature 72 Sri G. N. Reddy, MA., M.Lît, MÎSCELLANEOUS 1. The Ascent of Soma Dr. B. H. Khapadia ... 77 2, Sukraniti: onRoad-Construction ... 79 Sri N. Suhramania Sasîri, SANSKRIT. of Gururama Kavi. 2. îBft^^jfe: ... 41 Sri N. C. V. Narasimhacharya, B.A., B.O.L, Siromani. HINDI. 1. ÏÏT%iT8îh:^î T ... 53 Dr. S. T. Narasimhachari, M.A., Ph.D., s. V. University Oriental Journal Vol, III JANUARY-^DECEMBER, i960 Parts I & 2 SRI GAYATRI SAHASRANAMA-A STUDY BY G. ARYA RAMACHANDRA Reader Sri gayatri TIWARI, PhD., & ïïeadofDept is ofHistory, Vaîlabhai University. Sahasranama a part of Devibhagavata Purana.^ latterl It was recited by Narayana^ to Narada at the express request of the After learïiing about the principal position of Gayatri,^ Narada further solicited Narayana to reveal that knowledge of the Ultimate Reality which could pave the way for salvation by conquering death.^ In response Narayana recited the présent Stotra to him. Sri gayatri Sahasranama has 165 1 verses. The first Iwo are simply intro- ductory.® In the next 1/2 verses, itself Narada makes his request for the ultimate knowledge.^ The Stotra covers 152 1/2 verses.^ The last 10 verses describe the eiïîcacy of the recitation of this piece^ There is one peculiarity in this Stotra. Unhke Visnusahasranama^*^ or Sivasahasranama^^ whîch simply give the epithets of thèse deities without any order, the présent Stotra arranges them in an alphabetical order. speciality gives literary skill This a rare poetic beauty to this pièce. This also vonchs for the of its composer whose name is unfortunately, like ail the composers ail of the Puranic poetry, lost to us becaiise tradition ascribes to Vedavyasa only. iV.B.;—AU the citations from Gayatri Sahasranama (Devi Bhagavata the Puranas BK. XII Ch. 6) are quoted in verses only, 1. e.g., verse 1, 3, 9, etc. 6. Devi Bhagavata, Bk. XII ch. cf. 2. 3. verse 4. verses cf. 1—4. 4. 5. Devi Bhagavata, Bk. XII Chs. 1—5. cf. verses 2—3. 6. 7. 8.' verses verses 1—2. 3—3 1/2. verses 3 1/2—155. 9. verses cf. cf. 15^65. Anusasana, ch. 146. Santi. ch. 17 10. 11. MBH MBH 2 S. V. UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL JOURNAL Sahasranama t'' [Vol. m Time of Sri Gayatri As fixed, the évolution of the lilas ' {Le,, tlie exploits) of Sakti is not yet studied and the ckonology of the valions one will steps of this évolution yet remains to be hâve to dépend upon the foliowing dues only for the détermi- nation of this Stotra :— (a) The epithets applicable to the description of Siva; Siva's phallus with the (b) (c) The association of symbol of the female-part; The The The story of list Ramayana; and (d) of the ten-incamations of Visnu. of Siva:--is (à) epithets applicable to the description That Siva was by that time conceived as " blue-necked " clear from the Word " Nilakanthasamasraya."^^ Siva, i,e,, Similarly, the hermaphrodite form of half-male and half-female, is also refened to *'^* by the word " Sankararand dhasarii^ini."^^ The epithet " Candracuda proves the présence of crescent in the forelocks of Siva, As pointed ont by me elsewhere, the crescent Siva came to be associated with each other by the middle of Gupta period, ie.^ in V cent. A.D.i^ So the upper time-limit of cen. this composition cannot be pushed earlier than V A.D. Tandi's Sivasahasranama Stotra of III cent, character^^ in A.D/^ refers only to the "blue neck"i^ and hermaprodite in his hair. of Siva but not to the crescent should be definitely later than (i) Association So the time of the pièce hand III cent A.D. of Siva's Phallus with the Female-part:-- Tandi's Sivasahasranama mentions only the phallus^^ and the sexual potency of Siva.^*» The association of Siva's generative organ with any female generative organ by m had not by then taken place. In other words, even though cent A.D, Siva's phallus and corne to be emphasised, it was not by then conceived in conjunction with the female organ. In the présent Stotra we find the word " lingadharini "^^ i.e., " the bearer of the phallus." Had it been " Unga-viharird," we would hâve taken it to mean-the union of phallus with the female-part in sexual action. The présent word simply refers to the physical association but not the sexual union of thèse two generative organs. In Mahabharata 12. 13. we find Siva being described as one whose emblem bears verse 8L verse 146. 14. 15. 1 6. vers© 49. Tiwari: Tiwari : " Indian Iconography and Mythology " (Anand, 1957), pp. 17—8. " Tandi Sivasahasranama " (Poona Orîentalîst XXrv/3&4, l47to49. pp, 17. 18. 19. MBH cf. Anusasana. 17/41. Ibîd., 17/138. MBH Anusasana. 17/40, 46, 47. 17/70. 20. cf. Ibid., 21. verse 138. 1960] SRI GAYATRI SAHASRANAMA—A STUDY on its 3 the mark of the female-organ person.^^ The pillar-like lingams iiî Dasavatara*® and Kailasa Temple, ^ Ellora, with vertically elliptical marks Engams. The time of thèse monuments, according to me, falls in II and III quarters of III cen. A.D. respectively.^s The sexnal union of SîvaHngam with the female part came not earlier than cir, VI cen. A.D.^^ So the epithet ' linga dharîni suggests III A.D, to VI cen. A.D., as the time of Srigayatrisahasranama, However, the présence of the Word " Candracuda " mies out the time of its composition earlier than V cen. A.D. So the time of this pièce should be fixed somewhere in V cent A.D. only. on them, possibly, represent this variety of ' (c) The Sîory of Ramayana: — There are two epithets which point to the spécifie exploits of Rama, nz,, " Ravanacchedakarini "^"^ {Le., " the sHcet of Ravana " and " Valmikiparisevita ''^s (jq^^ « ^j^^ ^I^q ^^s served by Valmiki)." The latler one points to the exile of Sita and her stay in the hermitage of Valmiki when this saint had the privilège of serving her. This event is to be found in Uttarkanda. I hâve suggested elsewhere that Uttarakanda of Valmiki Ramayana was added to it in cir. end of IV or the beginning of V cen. A-D.^^ So the time of this composition, from the point of view of the évolution of the story of Ramayana, falls in cir. V cen. A.D. (more correctly, after the beginning of V cen, A.D*). {d) List of the Ten-încarnatîons of Vîsnu: — In this Stotra we of Rama and Krisna. corne across several epithets which describe the exploits The référence to Nrsmihini^** and Varahi^J^ points to the Nrsimha and Varaha forms of Visnu. suggests Vamana incarnation, who begged The epithet " Kamandaludhara "^^ three-steps legnth of earth from Bali in the disguise of widths. The word " Renuka,"^» a shoit-statured celibate measuring fifty-two fingurethe mother of Parasurama, might or might list not suggest the inclusion of her son in the The words " Bodidrumanijavasa does not suggest to 22. me of the ten-incarnations of Visnu. " one, who stays in a Pîpala tree '* the inclusion of Buddha in this list. Matsya, Kaccha "^* (i.e., 23. 24. 25. 26. Anusasana. 14/227. Dasavatara: Eastem verandah, from right to left, relief No. Kailasa Eastem verandah, from left to right, relief No. 6. : MBH 2. Tiwari: " Indian Iconography and Mythology," p. 19. îbîd., p. 13. 27. 28. verse 137. verse 144. 29. Tiwari: "The Time of Uttarakanda (BK VII Valmiki Ramayana) (Journal of Oriental Research Institute, Baroda IV/2&3, pp. 149—56). ia) 30. 31. 32. verse 83. verse 140. verse 35. verse 133. verse 116. 33. 34. 4 S. V. UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL JOURNAL at ail. [Vol. III and Kalki are nol mentioned Nrsimha, Thus, we find Krisna, Varaha, list. Vamana, Rama and, possibly, Parasurama in tMs Parasurama was included in the list of the îen-incarnations of Visnu about the ead of IV cen. A.D,^^ in By that tmie Matsya^ Kaccha, tlie Buddha and Kalki were not were there, included tliis list, only above-mentioned the time of this six So if we exclude Parasu- rama of froîii tliis list, pièce