Peking Dust

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Peking Dust, by Ellen N. La Motte This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Peking Dust Author: Ellen N. La Motte Release Date: August 1, 2008 [EBook #26162] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PEKING DUST *** Produced by David Garcia and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Kentuckiana Digital Library) PEKING DUST Loading coolies at Wei-Hei-Wei PEKING DUST BY ELLEN N. LAMOTTE Author of "The Backwash of War" ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. 1919 Copyright, 1919, by THE C ENTURY C O . Published, May, 1919 INTRODUCTION Two classes of books are written about China by two classes of people. There are books written by people who have spent the night in China, as it were, superficial and amusing, full of the tinkling of temple bells; and there are other books written by people who have spent years in China and who know it well, —ponderous books, full of absolute information, heavy and unreadable. Books of the first class get one nowhere. They are delightful and entertaining, but one feels their irresponsible authorship. Books of the second class get one nowhere, for one cannot read them; they are too didactic and dull. The only people who might read them do not read them, for they also are possessed of deep, fundamental knowledge of China, and their views agree in no slightest particular with the views set forth by the learned scholars and theorists. This book falls into neither of these two classes, except perhaps in the irresponsibility of its author. It is compounded of gossip,—the flying gossip or dust of Peking. Take it lightly; blow off such dust as may happen to stick to you. For authentic information turn to the heavy volumes written by the acknowledged students of international politics. ELLEN N. LA MOTTE. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to thank the following friends who have been kind enough to lend the photographs used in the illustrations: Warren R. Austin, F. C. Hitchcock, Margaret Frieder, T. Severin and Rachel Snow. CONTENTS PART I Letters Written October and November, 1916 CHAPTER PAGE I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII POOR OLD C HINA PEKING C IVILIZATION R ACE ANTAGONISMS SPHERES OF INFLUENCE ON THE SACREDNESS OF FOREIGNERS D ONKEYS GENERALLY ADVISERS AND ADVICE C HINESE H OUSES H OW IT'S D ONE IN C HINA THE LAO -H SI-KAI OUTRAGE THE LAO -H SI-KAI AFFAIR THE LAO -H SI-KAI "INCIDENT" 3 13 24 29 39 50 61 71 77 86 94 101 108 PART II Letters Written February and March, 1917 I II III IV V THE R ETURN TO PEKING THE OPIUM SCANDAL THE WALRUS AND THE C ARPENTER C HINA'S C OURSE C LEAR FEAR OF THE PLUNGE 115 124 132 139 145 VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV A D UST-STORM A BOWL OF PORRIDGE FROM A SCRAP-BOOK THE GERMAN R EPLY D UST AND GOSSIP D IPLOMATIC R ELATIONS BROKEN WALKING ON THE WALL MEETING THE PRESIDENT OF C HINA GREAT BRITAIN'S TWELVE D EMANDS C ONCLUSION APPENDIXES 150 164 172 182 189 198 202 208 220 229 231 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Loading coolies at Wei-Hei-Wei Frontispiece FACING PAGE Map Coolies Camel caravan, Peking Peking cart Fruit stall in the bazaar Entrance gate to compound of Chinese house Compound of Chinese house Chinese funeral Chinese funeral Vice-President Feng Kuo-Chang View of Peking Village outside walls of Peking Fortune teller President Li Yuan-Hung 3 20 21 32 33 84 85 120 121 128 129 204 205 216 Entrance to Winter Palace 217 PART I PEKING DUST I POOR OLD CHINA When I came away last August, you said you wanted me to tell you about our travels, particularly about China. Like most Americans, you have a lurking sentimental feeling about China, a latent sympathy and interest based on colossal ignorance. Very well, I will write you as fully as I can. Two months ago my ignorance was fully as overwhelming as yours, but it is being rapidly dispelled. So I'll try to do the same for you, as you said I might. Rash of you, I call it. I'll take it that you have just about heard that China is on the map, and occupies [Pg 3] a big portion of it. You know that she has a ruler of some kind in place of the old empress dowager who died a few years ago. Come to think of it, the ruler is a [Pg 4] president, and China is a republic. Vaguely you may remember that she became a republic about five years ago, after a revolution. Also, in the same vague way, you may have heard that the country is old and rich and peaceful, with about four hundred million inhabitants; and beyond that you do not go. Sufficient. I'll go no further, either. After six weeks in Japan, we set out for Peking, going by way of Korea. On the boat from Kobe to Shimonoseki, passing through the famous Inland Sea of Japan,—which, by the way, reminds one of the eastern shore of Maryland,—we met a young Englishman returning to Shanghai. We three, being the only firstclass passengers on the boat, naturally fell into conversation. He said he had been in the East for ten years, engaged in business in Shanghai, so we at once dashed into the subject of Oriental politics. Being quite ignorant of Eastern affairs, but having heard vaguely of certain phases of them, we asked if he [Pg 5] could tell us the meaning of "sphere of influence." The Orient seems full of spheres of influence, particularly China. "How do the European nations acquire these 'spheres of influence' in China?" I asked. "Do they ask the Chinese Government to give them to them?—to set apart certain territory, certain provinces, and give them commercial and trading rights to these areas?" "Ask the Chinese Government?" repeated the young man, scornfully. "Ask the Chinese? I should say not! The European powers just arrange it among themselves, each decides what provinces it wants, agrees not to trespass upon the spheres of influence of one another, and then they just notify China." "Just notify China?" I exclaimed. "You mean they don't consult China at all and find out whether she's willing or not? You mean they just decide the matter among themselves, partition out the country as they like, select such territory as they happen to fancy, and then just notify China?" "That's the idea," he returned; "virtually that's all there is to it. Choose what they [Pg 6] want and then just notify China." "Dear me!" said I. I'm glad we met that young man. I like things put simply, in words of one syllable, within range of the understanding. Moreover, incredible as it seems, what he told us is true. Oh, of course, as I've found out since, there are treaties and things to be signed after China has been notified. She is then compelled to ratify these treaties or agreements; it looks better. Forced to sign them at the pistol's point, as it were. However, this ratification of treaties is more for the benefit of the European powers than for China. Having staked out their claims, they officially record them; that's all. And you know what used to happen in our country during the good old days of the "forty-niners" if some one jumped another's claim. To show to what extent poor old China is under the "influence" of the great European powers, I shall have to give you a few statistics; otherwise you won't believe me. The total area of the Chinese Republic is about 4,300,000 square [Pg 7] miles. The spheres of influence of some of the important nations are as follows: Square miles England: Tibet Szechuen Kwan'tung Provinces of Yangtse Valley Total Russia: Outer Mongolia Che-Kiang Three-quarters of Manchuria Total France: Yunnan 533,000 218,000 86,000 362,000 1,199,000 1,000,000 548,000 273,000 1,821,000 146,700 55,000 90,000 50,000 46,000 186,000 or 4.3% 79% or 42.3% or 3.4% or 1.3% or 27.8% Germany: Shan-tung Japan: South Manchuria Eastern Inner Mongolia Fu-kien Total Total area under foreign influence Don't forget these figures; turn back to them from time to time to refresh your memory. But remember one thing: it is not customary to speak of anything but of Japanese aggression. Whenever Japan acquires another square mile of territory, forestalling some one else, the fact is heralded round the world, and the predatory tendencies of Japan are denounced as a menace to the world. But publicity is not given to the predatory tendencies of other powers. They are [Pg 8] all in agreement with one another, and nothing is said; a conspiracy of silence surrounds their actions, and the facts are smothered, not a hint of them getting abroad. The Western nations are in accord, and the Orient—China—belongs to them. But with Japan it is different. So in future, when you hear that Japan has her eye on China, is attempting to gobble up China, remember that, compared with Europe's total, Japan's holdings are very small indeed. The loudest outcries against Japanese encroachments come from those nations that possess the widest spheres of influence. The nation that claims forty-two per cent. of China, and the nation that claims twenty-seven per cent. of China are loudest in their denunciations of the nation that possesses (plus the former German holdings) less than six. Our first actual contact with a sphere of influence at work came about in this wise: After we had spent two or three weeks in Korea, we took the train from Seoul to Peking, a two-days' journey. In these exciting days it is hard to do [Pg 9] without newspapers, and at Mukden, where we had a five-hours' wait, we came across a funny little sheet called "The Manchuria Daily News." It was a nice little paper; that is, if you are sufficiently cosmopolitan to be emancipated from American standards. It was ten by fifteen inches in size,—comfortable to hold, at any rate,—with three pages of news and advert