Manual of veterinary microbiology;

/.nT;it CI it iu> 11,30 MANUAL VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY. (^PROFESSOBS)^OSSELM AN AND ^LIENAUX, National Veterinary College, Cureghem, Belgium. TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY R. R DINWIDDIE, Professor of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University; Animal Pathologist, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. CINCINNATI: THE ROBERT CLARKE COMPANY. 1894. COPYRIGHT, 1894, BY R. R. DINWIDDIE PREFACE. In undertaking the translation of MM. Mosselman and Lienaux's "Manuel de Microbioloyie Veterinaire," . my object has been to supply English speaking veteri- nary students and practitioners with a work on Bacteriology which seemed specially adapted to their needs. The book is small, but it conveys more in- formation on the etiology of the infectious diseases of animals and the biology of the germs associated with them than any other single work in our language. Unlike other works on Bacteriology accessible to readers of English only, the Microbiology of animal diseases is treated of as the essential part of the work, that of diseases of ally referred to. mankind only incident- to details The completeness and accuracy as with which it discusses the modes of prop- agation of some of our most important diseases and the general conditions under which these diseases occur, ought to veterinarians, recommend the book who are presumably more to practical interested in the ascertained facts in regard to any disease than in the individuality of the germ which occasions it. The book is not intended for a laboratory manual, consequently, the technique of staining and cultiva(iii) iv Preface. tion of germs is not exhaustively discussed, and the usual illustrations of bacteriological apparatus have been omitted. As : to the translation itself a few words are neces- sary Weights and measures, given in the metrical system in the original, have not been changed. Dimensions which occur in this work are chiefly those of microscopic objects which are now rarely ex- pressed by American microscopists in fractions of an The thermometric readings are in all cases given in the centigrade scale. For those who are unfamiliar with the decimal system the Appendix inch. will supply the requisite information. The few some foot-notes which I have introduced are in cases intended to be supplementary to the text, referring to discoveries which have been made since the publication of the original in 1891. In other cases they are explanatory of words or statements which might otherwise be misunderstood. To the illustrations which occur in the French text I have added a few others borrowed from differtions ent sources, which are acknowledged in the descripaccompanying the figures four are from draw; ings of preparations in my own possession. R. E. DINWIDDIB. FATETTEVILLE, ARK., July 19, 1894. TABLE OP CONTENTS. PART Generalities I. FIRST. upon Microbes. 11 11 Microbes in the Static Condition. Definition Forms Organization and chemical composition Occurrence and distribution in nature II. *. 14 14 Physiology of Microbes. Foods of microbes Digestion of microbes 19 19 21 ' Eespiration of microbes Nutrition of microbes 22 Movements of microbes 24 25 27 30 30 81 Generation, multiplication Action of the media on microbes Action of microbes on the media Role of bacteria in nature Fermentations Putrefaction 32 Role of bacteria in the normal organism Digestive action of microbes Putrefaction of cadavers R61e of microbes in the organism in the pathological con, 33 33 . 34 36 dition Classification ... 37 PART SECOND. Generalities I. upon Pathogenic Microbes. 39 Pathogenic Microbes in the Static Condition. Saprogenic or eaprophytic germs (v) , vi Contents. Pathogenic germs Conditions of existence of pathogenic germs in external media and in the economy. Sources of infection Contagious obligatory parasitic microbes Contagious facultative microbes Non-contagious facultative microbes , 40 40 40 41 Distribution of pathogenic germs Modes of contagion Immediate contagion Direct contact Heredity Mediate contagion Absorption of pathogenic microbes El. 42 43 52 52 53 53 54 55 Physiology of Pathogenic Microbes. Action of microbes upon the organism Pathogeny of the local changes Pathogeny of general and remote changes Receptivity 61 61 63 65 70 74 Immunity Reaction of the organism against microbes Phagocytosis Bactericidal state 74 76 Elimination of microbes Modifications of virulence Evolution of the bacterial disease Incubation Latent microbism Specificity of pathogenic microbes III. 78 , . 79 80 81 81 82 Transformation and Destruction of Pathogenic Microbes in their Relation to Hygiene and Therapeutics. Morphological and physiological variations of pathogenic microbes Attenuation Preventive inoculations vaccinations Destruction of pathogenic microbes ; 85 87 94 97 IV. Methods of Determination of Pathogenic Microbes. Basic and acid colors 104 Examination of liquids Examination of organic pulps Examination of sections 106 107 107