Celebrated Travels and Travellers - Part 2. The Great Navigators of the Eighteenth Century

Project Gutenberg's Celebrated Travels and Travellers, by Jules Verne This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Celebrated Travels and Travellers Part 2. The Great Navigators of the Eighteenth Century Author: Jules Verne Illustrator: Paul Philippoteaux Léon Benett Matthis Release Date: June 14, 2008 [EBook #25784] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS *** Produced by Ron Swanson (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) The Great Navigators of the Eighteenth Century CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS. THE GREAT NAVIGATORS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. LONDON: GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. Hoisting the signals for triangulation Hoisting the signals for triangulation. CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS.THE GREAT NAVIGATORS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. BY JULES VERNE. WITH 96 ILLUSTRATIONS BY PHILIPPOTEAUX, BENETT, AND MATTHIS, AND 20 MAPS BY MATTHIS AND MORIEU. Ship driven on the rocks TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH. London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET. 1880. [All rights reserved.] PUBLISHERS' NOTE. This volume forms the second of three volumes under the general title of CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS. The first volume, already published, is entitled THE EXPLORATION OF THE WORLD, and covers a period in the World's History extending from B.C. 505, to the close of the xviith century. The present volume extends over the xviiith century, and the third volume will give an account of the GREAT EXPLORERS AND TRAVELLERS OF THE XIXTH CENTURY. LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED. ANSON (Geo., Lord). "Voyage round the World in 1740-44." BARROW (Sir John). "Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa." London, 1806. BOUGAINVILLE (Com. de). "Voyage round the World, 1766-69." Paris, 1771.BRUCE (James). "Travels in Abyssinia between 1768-73." Edin., 1813. COOK (Captain James). "Second Voyage to the South Pole and Round the World, 1772-75." London, 1777. COOK and KING (Captain James). "Third Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, 1776-80." London, 1784. GROSIER (L'Abbé). "China, General Description of the Empire." Paris, 1735. HAWKESWORTH (Dr. J.). "Account of the Voyages of Discovery in the Southern Hemisphere by Commodore Byron, and Captains Wallis, Carteret, and Cook." London, 1773. KENNEDY. "New Zealand." London, 1873. LABILLARDIÈRE (T.). "Voyage in Search of La Pérouse, 1791-93." Paris, 1801. MASON. "Costumes of China." London, 1800. PARK (Mungo). "Travels in Africa." London, 1815-16. PARKINSON (S.). "Voyage to the South Seas." London, 1784. PÉRON (F.) and FREYCINET (Louis d'). "Voyage to Australasia, 1800-4." Paris, 1808. PÉROUSE (J. Fr. G. de la). "Voyage round the World, 1785-88." Paris, 1798. "TRANSACTIONS of the French Academy of Sciences," Vol. 7. Paris. VAILLANT (Fr. le). "Travels in the Interior of Africa." Paris, 1790. VANCOUVER (Capt. G.). "Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the World, from 1790-95." London, 1798. THEGREAT NAVIGATORS OF THE 18TH CENTURY.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE FROM THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS, GIVING THE SOURCES WHENCE THEY ARE DERIVED. PART THE FIRST. Hoisting the signals for triangulation Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis Selkirk falling over the precipice with his prey "I plunged my pike into his breast" Fight between the Centurion and a Spanish galleon "The council chose the latter alternative" "Most of them on horseback" "One of them tore the carrion with his teeth" "They made a thousand grimaces" The natives waving palm-leaves as a sign of welcome Head-dresses of natives of Otahiti "Pursued by the arrows of the natives" A struggle between the Swallow and a Malay prah Portrait of Bougainville "We made them sing" Lancers' Island Pirogue of the Marquesas Islands Mdlle. Barré's adventure Captain James Cook "They were pursued so closely" Otahitian flute-player A Fa-toka, New Zealand Interior of a morai in Hawaii Tatooed head of a New Zealander An I-pah A New Zealand family "They were kangaroos" Otahitian fleet off Oparee "Three Indians emerged from the wood" Among the icebergsNew Zealand war canoe New Zealand utensils and weapons "Who passed his days in being fed by his wives" O-Too, King of Otaheite Monuments in Easter Island Natives of Easter Island Natives of the Marquesas Typical natives of the Sandwich Islands "The natives had sufficient confidence" "With the roof of considerable height" View of Christmas Sound Kerguelen Islands Fête in Cook's honour at Tonga Human sacrifice at Otahiti Tree, from beneath which Cook observed the transit of Venus Cook's reception by the natives Prince William's Sound "They gave him a little pig" PART THE SECOND. Pirogues of the Admiralty Islands "Picking up the enemies' weapons" "A lighted brand was also presented to them" "The only one who had escaped" "A man's skull was found" Portrait of La Pérouse Costumes of the inhabitants of Conception Inhabitants of Easter Island Typical natives of the Port des Français Shipwreck of French boats outside the Port des Français "An Indian with a stag's head over his own" He traced the coast of Tartary Typical Orotchys Portrait of D'Entrecasteaux "They came upon four natives" Fête in honour of D'Entrecasteaux at the Friendly Islands Typical native of New Holland Natives of New CaledoniaView of the Island of Bouron Native hut in Endracht Land King of the Island of Timor The Swan River "A sail was seen on the horizon" "The sick were carried on shore" View of Sydney Water-carrier at Timor "He received a cordial welcome" The Baobab Portrait of Mungo Park Natives of Senegal A Hottentot A Bosjeman "Till Master Rees had given his verdict" A Kaffir woman Portrait of James Bruce "I found the monarch seated on his throne" Chinese magic-lantern The Emperor of China The great wall of China Chinese Prime Minister "The famous bird Leutzé" Port Monterey Mackenzie's first view of the North Pacific Ocean Portrait of Condamine Celebrated Narrows of Manseriche Omagua Indians Portrait of Alex. de Humboldt Gigantic vegetation on the banks of the Temi MAPS. Map of France, corrected by order of the King, in accordance with the instructions of the Members of the Academy of Sciences Map of the Eastern Hemisphere Straits of Magellan, after Bougainville PolynesiaMap of Queen Charlotte Islands New Zealand Louisiade Archipelago Map of Australia, after Perron's atlas Map of the east coast of New Holland, after Cook Captain Cook's chart of Otaheite Itinerary of the principal voyagers during the 18th century, after Cook Map of Surville's discoveries, after Fleurieu Island discovered by M. Marion du Fresnes in 1772, called Prince Edward's Island by Cook in 1776 Map of the journey of La Pérouse, after the atlas published by General Millet-Mureau Map of the coast of Asia, after the map of La Pérouse's voyage Map of part of North Africa Map of part of Western Africa Map of the Empire of China Map of North-West America Map of the two Americas Itinerary of Humboldt's route in equinoctial AmericaTABLE OF CONTENTS. FIRST PART. CHAPTER I. I. ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS. Cassini, Picard, and La Hire—The Meridian line and the map of France—G. Delisle and D'Anville—The shape of the earth—Maupertuis in Lapland—Condamine at the Equator II. VOYAGES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Expedition of Wood Rogers—Adventures of Alexander Selkirk—Galapagos Island—Puerto Seguro—Return to England—Expedition of George Anson—Staten Island—Juan Fernandez—Tinian—Macao—Taking of the vessel— Canton river—Results of the Cruise CHAPTER II. CAPTAIN COOK'S PREDECESSORS. I. Roggewein—Scanty information respecting him—The uncertainty of his discoveries—Easter Island—The Pernicious Islands—Bauman Islands—New Britain—Arrival at Batavia—Byron—Stay at Rio Janeiro and Port Desire—Entrance into Magellan's Strait—Falkland Islands and Port Egmont—The Fuegians—Mas-a-fuero— Disappointment Islands—Danger Islands—Tinian—Return to Europe II. Wallis and Carteret—Preparations for the Expedition—Difficult Navigation of the Strait of Magellan—Separation of t he Dauphin and Swallow—Whitsunday Island—Queen Charlotte's Island—Cumberland and Henry Islands— Otaheite—Howe, Boscawen, and Keppel Islands—Wallis Islands—Batavia—The Cape—The Downs—Discovery of Pitcairn, Osnaburgh, and Gloucester Islands by Carteret—Santa Cruz Archipelago—Solomon Islands—St. George's Strait and New Ireland—Portland Island and the Admiralty Islands—Macassar and Batavia—Meeting with Bougainville in the Atlantic III. Bougainville—Changes in the life of a Notary's son—Colonization of the Falkland Islands—Buenos Ayres and Rio Janiero—Cession of the Falkland Islands to Spain—Hydrographical Survey of the Straits of Magellan—The Pecherais—The Four Facardins—Otaheite—Incidents of stay there—Productions of the country and manners of the people—Samoan Islands—Tierra del Santo Espirito or the New Hebrides—The Louisiade—Anchorite Islands— New Guinea—Buotan—From Batavia to St. Malo CHAPTER III. CAPTAIN COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE. I. The beginning of his maritime career—The command of the Adventure entrusted to him—Tierra del Fuego— Discovery of some islands in the Pomotou Archipelago—Arrival at Otaheite—Manners and Customs of the inhabitants—Discovery of other islands in the Society group—Arrival off New Zealand—Interview with the natives—