BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY ENGLISH COURSES—SPRING 2011
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Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe Tout savoir sur nos offres
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MEDICAL
GEOLOGY/GEOCHEMISTRY:
An Exposure
PILLALAMARRI ILA
Earth Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences
Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory
Massachusetts Institute of Techno Technologlogy
Cambridge, MA 02139
IAP 2006: 12.091 Credit Course: January 9 - 25, 2006
Session 5 - January 25, 2006
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091
Session 5: P. ILASession 5: P. ILA 11Session 5 January 25, 2006
Objective
Dust Storms –Health Effects
Review & Conclusions
Students Presentations on Selected Elements Reports
Review Quiz due –January 30, 2006.
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 2
Session 5: P. ILADusts and Aerosols
Sources:
Natural processes:
• Volcanic eruptions
• Wind erosion/deflation of arid and semi-arid
lands
• Trans-oceanic dust transport
Anthropogenic:
• Mining
• Detonations
• Incinerations
• Industrial activities
• Accidents
Cosmogenic
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 3Natural Processes
• Volcanic eruptions
• Wind erosion/deflation of arid and
semi-arid lands with sparse
vegetation cover create and
propagate mineral dust aerosols.
Trans-oceanic dust transport.
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 4Volcanic Eruptions
Tephra - volcanic rock and glass
fragments.
Volcano eruption may sometimes
eject rock fragments into the
atmosphere. This material is known
as tephra. Blocks and bombs are
the largest pieces of tephra
(greater than 64 mm).
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 5Health effects of tephra dispersal
• Mucous membrane irritation
• Silicosis (Due to Calcium Fluoro
Silicate CaSiF ).
6
• Effects of absorbed toxins
• Silicotic nodules lodging in the lung
tissue damaging the surrounding
alveoli of the lung.
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 6January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 7
12.091 Session 5: P. ILAHealth effects of volcanic gas emissions
• CO Asphyxiation – possible death of humans and
2
animals.
• HF and HCl Irritant gases –
2
Mucous membrane irritation.
Skin burns.
Respiratory problems.
• SO
2
Environmental effect by acid rain
Asthmatic effects
• H S Noxious asphyxiant
2
3
7 μg/m - rotten egg smell
3
15,000 μg/m – eye irritation
3
480,000 μg/m – risk of pulmonary oedema
3
1,500,000 μg/m - lethal
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 8Courtesy of USGS.
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 9
12.091 Session 5: P. ILADusts - Wind erosion
• Mineral aerosols: 1-2 b metric tons/year (comprise half of total
aerosols in troposhere from natural and anthropogenic sources)
• Play role in current climatic variabilities.
• Play role in ecosystem dynamics.
Examples:
Sahara desert-(Northern Africa)
Sahel Africa is a stretch of land that includes countries like
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia. This stretch is a transition
zone between the arid Sahara to the north and wet tropical area
to the south.
Example: some affected areas are, such as, Chad, Senegal,
Mauritania, Mali, Niger, etc.
Gobi desert - (Mongolia-Central Asia)
Example: affected area Taklamakan – (China).
January 25, 2006: IAP 2006: 12.091 10
