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Total Laboratory Automation –
Overview and Lessons Learned
Tracey Boone, MT(ASCP)QLI
Multi-Species User Group Meeting
May 6, 2010Outline of Topics
• History of laboratory automation
• Why automate?
• Purported benefits of automation
• Are the benefits real?
• What is an automation system?
• How does an automation system work?
• Is automation right for my lab?
• Keys to implementation success
• Validation
• Lessons learned
2History of Laboratory Automation
• Automation of sample handling steps has been
available for ~25 years
• True automation systems are a relatively recent
development
• The first prototype was installed in Japan in the early
’90s
• A few large US hospital labs began utilizing in the late
’90s
• First intended for larger reference labs and health
systems
• Modular systems are available and can be scaled to
meet needs of smaller organizations
3What Pushed the Development of Automation?
• Increasing workload due to:
– aging population
– increases in chronic diseases
– outcomes management
• Decreasing reimbursement levels
• Decreasing margins
• Need to cut costs in clinical labs
• Difficulties in recruiting and retaining technical staff
4Purported Advantages of Laboratory Automation
• Reduction in staff
• Cost savings in a relatively short timeframe
• Improvement of TAT
• Better throughput (efficiency)
• Reduction of clerical errors
5Are the Benefits Real?
• Yes…and no…there have been no good long-term
studies that use a standard method of measuring
outcomes
• Staff reductions are generally achieved
• Cost savings are generally achieved
• Productivity is usually increased although it depends on
what is measured
• TAT can be reduced, with the right configuration
• Errors are likely reduced
6What is Laboratory Automation Anyway?
• A multi-disciplinary strategy to research, develop, optimize
and capitalize on technologies in the laboratory that
enable new and improved processes
• Not just robots and automated sample handling…
• …software, rules, algorithms are important too
7Components
8Hardware
• Track (conveyor system)
• Sample sorter or handlers
• Centrifuges
• Aliquoters
• De-cappers
• Analyzers
• Re-cappers
• Stockyard
• Water purification system
• Data – PCs, servers, monitors, middleware, printers
• Power supplies
• Air compressors
• Utilities – plumbing, air, water, data, analog, electricity
9Software
• Bidirectional interface with LIS
• Patient demographic storage
• Sample tracking and scheduling
• Reflexive testing
• Rules-based repeats for linearity
• Storage and retrieval of results
• QC analysis, storage, graphing
• Rules-based analysis of results
• Online help or remote diagnostics
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