A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension
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- grammatical functions
- dominance dimension
- additional root node
- incoming edges
- optional grammatical
- immediate dominance
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The
Immediate Dominance Dimension
Ralph Debusmann
and
Denys Duchier
Programming Systems Lab, Saarland University, Saarbruc¤ ken, Germany
and
·
Equipe Calligramme, LORIA, Nancy, France
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.1Immediate Dominance Dimension
idea: model surface syntactic structure
choices:
factor out word order
factor out deep dependencies (e.g. control, raising)
einen roman maria zu schreiben verspricht .
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.2
subj
obj
vinf
par
t
det
rootSpecifying the class of models
einen roman maria zu schreiben verspricht .
labeled trees
edge labels: grammatical functions like subject, object,
determiner etc.
additional root node for the full stop for convenience
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.3
subj
obj
vinf
par
t
det
rootSubcategorization
incoming edges: possible grammatical functions
outgoing edges: required/optional grammatical functions
" #
in : fsubj?;obj?;iobj?g
Roman :
out : fdet!;adj;prep?;rel?g
" #
in : fsub?;rel?;root?g
verspricht :
out : fsubj!;vinf!;adv;prep g
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.4Agreement
restriction to case (nominative and accusative only) for
simplicity
concepts:
case assignment
case agreement
case government
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.5Case assignment
rst idea: lexically:
h i
Frau :
agr : nom
1
h i
Frau :
agr : acc
2
uneconomical. better: lexically assign a set of possible
cases:
h i
Frau :
agrs : fnom;accg
use additional node attribute to pick out one of the cases for
each node:
8v2 V : agr(v)2 agrs(v)
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.6Case agreement
for certain grammatical relations: case agreement
e.g. for German, the determiners and adjectives agree with
their nouns
but nouns do not agree with their PPs and relative clauses
i.e. set of agreeing edge labels: agree =fdet;adjg
l
8h! d : l2 agree ) agr(h) = agr(d)
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.7Case agreement contd.
want to get more exibility: lexicalize the set of agreeing
edge labels:
" #
out : fdet!;adj;prep?;rel?g
Roman :
agree : fdet;adjg
l
8h! d : l2 agree(h) ) agr(h) = agr(d)
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.8Case government
for certain grammatical relations: heads restrict the
agreement of their dependents
e.g. for German and also English, nite verbs require their
subjects to be nominative
and transitive verbs require their objects to be accusative
i.e. mapping of governed edge labels to agreement
restrictions:
govern = fsubj7!fnomg;
obj7!faccgg
l
8h! d : agr(d)2 govern(l)
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.9Case government contd.
want more exibility: lexicalize the mapping of governed
edge labels to agreement restrictions:
" #
out : fsubj!;vinf!;adv;prep g
verspricht :
govern : fsubj7!fnomgg
l
8h! d : agr(d)2 govern(h)(l)
A Comparative Introduction to XDG: The Immediate Dominance Dimension ? p.10
