Attachment D: Rise of Russia: Lasting Contributions (Class Notes)
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Attachment D: Rise of Russia: Lasting Contributions (Class Notes)
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Attachment D: Rise of Russia: Lasting Contributions (Class Notes)
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Importance of Location
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Steppe provides a natural highway for nomads.
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Network of rivers provide transportation and led to trade, particularly with the Byzantine
Empire.
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Kiev is located at the center of trade among the Vikings, Slavs, and Byzantines.
Influence of Byzantine Culture
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Byzantine cultural influence is possible because of trade routes linking the Baltic Sea and
Black Sea.
•
Prince Vladimir adopts Orthodox Christianity, and Russia spreads it to much of Eastern
Europe.
•
St. Cyril adopts the Greek alphabet to the Slavic language, thus, creating the Cyrillic
alphabet, which enables Slavs to read the Bible.
Church Architecture and Religious Art
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Onion-shaped domed churches, modification of Byzantine domes
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Icons and mosaics used as decoration for buildings
Mongol Conquest
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Golden Horde, led by Ghengis Khan, conquers early Russia.
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Massive destruction occurs: Towns are destroyed and people are killed.
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Russia is in state of decline and cut off from Western Europe under Mongol rule.
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Moscow grows in importance after Kiev’s destruction.
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Church grows more powerful, since the Mongols tolerate the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Trade routes between China and Eastern Europe open up.
Russia Emerges
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Princes gain more power under Mongol rule and adapt the Mongol leadership model of
absolute rule.
•
Ivan the Great rejects Mongol rule and unites Russia.
•
Moscow becomes the capital and the “Third Rome.”
•
Ivan the Great takes the title czar (Caesar), and vows to carry on the traditions of Rome and
Constantinople,
