Dopage : le rapport qui accuse la Russie
335
pages
English
Documents
2015
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335
pages
English
Documents
2015
Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe Tout savoir sur nos offres
Publié par
Publié le
09 novembre 2015
Nombre de lectures
128
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo
THE INDEPENDENT COMMISSION REPORT #1 FINAL REPORT November 9, 2015 Independent Commission Investigation Submitted: November 9, 2015 Independent Commission President Richard W. Pound, Q.C., Ad. E Independent Commission Members Professor Richard H. McLaren Günter Younger, Kriminaldirektor WADA Investigations Jack Robertson Chief Investigations Officer Independent Commission Investigation Staff: David Tinsley, Martin Dubbey, Brian Talay, Nick Connon, Greg Kitsell, Gabriella Re Independent Commission Investigative Report Co-ordinator: Diana Tesic ! Table of Contents ! Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................i Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Executive Summary................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background on WADA .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Commission .................................
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THE INDEPENDENT COMMISSION REPORT #1
FINAL REPORT
November 9, 2015
Independent Commission
Investigation
Submitted:
November 9, 2015
Independent Commission President RichardW. Pound, Q.C., Ad.E
Independent Commission Members Professor Richard H. McLaren
Günter Younger, Kriminaldirektor
WADA Investigations
Jack Robertson
Chief Investigations Officer
Independent Commission Investigation Staff: David Tinsley, Martin Dubbey, Brian Talay, Nick Connon, Greg Kitsell, Gabriella Re Independent Commission Investigative Report Co-ordinator: Diana Tesic
Table of Contents
Table of Contents......................................................................................................................... i
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... vii
Chapter 1: Executive Summary................................................................................................. 11.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 11.2 Background on WADA .................................................................................................................. 21.3 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Commission .................................... 31.4 Brief Summary of the IC Investigation Methodology ............................................................. 41.5 Whistleblowers................................................................................................................................ 71.6 Overall Outcomes of the IC Investigation ................................................................................. 91.7 Independent Commission Investigative Findings ................................................................. 101.7.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................... 101.7.2 Specific Findings ..................................................................................................................... 121.8 IC Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 341.8.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................... 341.8.2 Specific Recommendations .................................................................................................... 371.9 Other IC Observations ................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 2: ARD Documentary................................................................................................ 492.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 492.2 Athlete Allegations ....................................................................................................................... 502.3 RUSADA......................................................................................................................................... 522.4 Moscow Laboratory Issues .......................................................................................................... 532.5 International Doping Tests and Management ........................................................................ 532.6 International Association of Athletics Federations................................................................ 532.7 Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Chapter 3: Reactions to ARD Documentary ........................................................................ 553.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 553.2 General Impact .............................................................................................................................. 553.3 Russian Government Public Statements .................................................................................. 573.4 Public Statements by RUSADA ................................................................................................. 593.5 Public Statements by ARAF........................................................................................................ 593.6 Public Statements by Russian National Olympic Committee ............................................. 613.7 Public Statements by IAAF ......................................................................................................... 623.8 Reactions from International Athletes...................................................................................... 633.9 Early Statements “Absolving” Russia....................................................................................... 633.10 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................... 64
Chapter 4: Background of the Independent Commission ................................................ 654.1 Purpose of the Inquiry and Scope of Mandate ....................................................................... 65
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4.2 Challenges and Solutions – Vetting Team............................................................................... 664.3 Investigative Methodology ......................................................................................................... 674.3.1 Corroboration .......................................................................................................................... 674.3.2 Data Protection – Secure Communications – Counter Measures .................................... 684.3.3 Techniques – Interviews – Evidence Collection – Cyber................................................... 684.3.4 WADA Laboratory Experts ................................................................................................... 694.3.5 IAAF Specialists ...................................................................................................................... 694.4 Time Line........................................................................................................................................ 704.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 70
Chapter 5: Sports Within National and International Contexts ...................................... 715.1 The Code ......................................................................................................................................... 755.2 National Identity ........................................................................................................................... 755.3 Bridging Cultures and Languages ............................................................................................. 765.4 Political Influence ......................................................................................................................... 765.5 National Power Influences in Sport .......................................................................................... 78
Chapter 6: Drug Testing in Competition and Training..................................................... 806.1 Program Implementation............................................................................................................. 81
Chapter 7: Performance Enhancing Drugs........................................................................... 867.1 History and Performance Enhancing Drugs ............................................................................ 867.2 Doping Substances Ingestion Methods / Blood Infusions ................................................... 877.3 Adverse Effects on Athletes (Health and Safety Issues) ....................................................... 887.4 Drug “Code Names” and Terms ................................................................................................ 897.5 Adverse Effects on National Reputation .................................................................................. 907.6 Testing and Targeted Drugs ....................................................................................................... 917.7 Illicit Drug Manufacturing/ Drug Distributors (Gateway to Criminal Activity)............. 91
Chapter 8: Accredited Laboratory Testing Facilities.......................................................... 93
Chapter 9: Athlete Compliance .............................................................................................. 979.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 979.2 Compliance with Independent Interviews .............................................................................. 989.3 Whereabouts .................................................................................................................................. 989.4 Investigations Regarding Whereabouts ................................................................................... 999.5 Impropriety and Non-Compliance .......................................................................................... 1019.6 Sample Cases of Non-Compliance .......................................................................................... 103Case 1: Saransk – IAAF Intelligence (received on 10 March 2015) ......................................... 103Case 2: European Indoor Athletics Championships, Prague 2015 ........................................ 104Case 3: “Yunost” Training Camp, Adler – May 22, 2015 ........................................................ 106Case 4: Saransk Training Camp 02 June 2015 ........................................................................... 110Case 5: Statements of Evgenia Pecherina.................................................................................... 1159.7 Other Indications of Cheating .................................................................................................. 1169.8 IC Overarching Findings Regarding Whereabouts, Coaches, Doctors, Team Staff and ARAF Officials .................................................................................................................................. 118
Chapter 10: International Association of Athletics Federations .................................... 120
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10.1 Background and Purpose......................................................................................................... 12010.2 The IAAF Council ..................................................................................................................... 12210.3 IAAF Congress........................................................................................................................... 12310.4 Investigation Introduction ...................................................................................................... 12310.4.1 Key Findings ........................................................................................................................ 12410.5 Law Enforcement Referral....................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 11: All-Russia Athletic Federation ....................................................................... 12611.1 Background and Leadership ................................................................................................... 12611.2 National Team Coaches ........................................................................................................... 12611.3 Summary of Findings............................................................................................................... 12711.4 Investigation: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 12911.5 Investigation: Methodology.................................................................................................... 13011.6 The Statistics .............................................................................................................................. 13111.7 The Coaches ............................................................................................................................... 13311.7.1 Coach Aleksey Melnikov ................................................................................................... 13411.7.2 IC Interview of Aleksey Melnikov.................................................................................... 14011.7.3 Coach Vladimir Mokhnev.................................................................................................. 14111.7.4 IC Interview of Vladimir Mokhnev.................................................................................. 14711.7.5 Coach Vladimir Kazarin..................................................................................................... 14811.7.6 IC Interview of Vladimir Kazarin ..................................................................................... 15411.7.7 Coach Valentin Maslakov .................................................................................................. 15511.7.8 Coach Sergej Ephisin .......................................................................................................... 15511.7.9 Coach Alexandr Gorlov ..................................................................................................... 15611.7.10 Coach Evgeny Pudov ....................................................................................................... 15711.7.11 Coach Yevgeny Evysukov a.k.a. Evysukov .................................................................. 15811.8 Coach Viktor Chegin and the Olympic Training Center for Race Walking ................. 15911.8.1 The Kolesnikov Case .......................................................................................................... 16011.8.2 Summary of Saransk Blood Transfusion Data from ABP ............................................. 16111.8.3 Example of ABP Expert Reviews Demonstrating Suspicion of Blood Withdrawal .. 16211.8.4 The Events at Saransk 02 June 2015.................................................................................. 16311.8.5 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 16411.9 Former Coach Oleg Popov....................................................................................................... 16511.10 Coach Alexey Gornih ............................................................................................................. 16611.11 ARAF President Valentin Balakhnichev ............................................................................ 16611.11.1 WADA Meeting of September 19, 2014 ......................................................................... 16711.11.2 Meeting with Mr. Balakhnichev on 24 October 2014 in the Paris airport ................. 16811.11.3 IC Interview with Balakhnichev ..................................................................................... 16811.12 Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 16911.13 IC Findings ............................................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 12: Russian Anti-Doping Authority..................................................................... 17612.1 Introduction and Background ................................................................................................ 17612.2 RUSADA Testing Activity ...................................................................................................... 17712.3 RUSADA Review of Testing Methodology and Limitations........................................... 17912.3.1 Methodology........................................................................................................................ 179
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12.3.2 Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 18012.3.3 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 18012.4 Allegations Against RUSADA ............................................................................................... 18112.5 Reports of RUSADA Advance Notice of Testing ............................................................... 18312.5.1 IDTM Reports of Advance Notice .................................................................................... 18312.5.2 Adler Doping Control Mission - 22 May 2015 ................................................................ 18312.5.3 Moscow Championships in Znamentskih 10 - 11 June 2015 ........................................ 18312.5.4 IAAF Review of RUSADA DCOs ..................................................................................... 18412.6 RUSADA DCO Training and Job Performance .................................................................. 18412.7 RUSADA Reporting ................................................................................................................. 18512.8 RUSADA Whereabouts Notification Failure ...................................................................... 18612.9 IC Audit of RUSADA 29 June 2015 ....................................................................................... 18712.10 IC Interview with RUSADA Deputy Director General Regarding ARD Allegations ............................................................................................................................................................... 18912.11 RUSADA Investigation: Saransk Race Walking Center – Viktor Chegin................... 19012.12 Test Distribution Planning ................................................................................................... 19012.13 IC Findings ............................................................................................................................... 191
Chapter 13: Accredited Moscow Laboratory...................................................................... 19313.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 19313.2 Prerequisites for Laboratory Standards/Trust ..................................................................... 19413.3 Ministry of Sport Oversight of Moscow Laboratory – Conflicts..................................... 19513.4 FSB Influence............................................................................................................................. 19613.5 Internal Structure of the Accredited Moscow Laboratory ................................................ 19713.6 Reports of Positive Drug Test Concealment........................................................................ 19813.6.1 Vladimir Mokhnev.............................................................................................................. 19813.6.2 Yuliya Stepanova................................................................................................................. 19913.6.3 Confidential Witness #1 ..................................................................................................... 20013.6.4 Confidential Witness #2 ..................................................................................................... 20013.6.5 Director Rodchenkov – Personal Use of PEDs................................................................ 20113.6.6 Liliya Shobukhova .............................................................................................................. 20113.6.7 Mariya Savinova.................................................................................................................. 20213.6.8 IC Findings Related to the Reports of Drug Test Concealment ................................... 20213.7 Destruction of Samples prior to WADA Audit 17 December 2014 ................................. 20313.8 IC Interview of Dir. Rodchenkov .......................................................................................... 20513.9 Analysis of Undocumented Samples .................................................................................... 20613.10 Moscow Police Investigation ................................................................................................ 20713.11 November 2013 - Johannesburg Hearing............................................................................ 20713.12 Dir. Rodchenkov 2014 Meeting with WADA Science Director ..................................... 21013.13 June 2015 Audit........................................................................................................................ 21013.14 IC Findings ............................................................................................................................... 212
Chapter 14: Russia - Moscow’s 2nd Laboratory ................................................................ 21414.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 21414.2 IC Findings ................................................................................................................................. 215
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Chapter 15: Russian Federal Scientific Center of Culture and Sport ........................... 21715.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 21715.2 ARD Allegations regarding Dr. Portugalov......................................................................... 21815.3 IC Investigation ......................................................................................................................... 21815.4 IC Findings ................................................................................................................................. 219
Chapter 16: Lausanne Laboratory ........................................................................................ 22116.1 Background on the Swapping of 67 Samples ...................................................................... 22116.2 Testing procedure in Lausanne .............................................................................................. 22216.3 IC interview with Lausanne laboratory Director................................................................ 22316.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................. 22416.5 Findings ...................................................................................................................................... 225
Chapter 17: International Doping Tests and Management Company.......................... 22617.1 Introduction and Background ................................................................................................ 22617.1.1 IDTM Mission Assignments and DCO Selection ........................................................... 22717.1.2 IDTM Reporting – IDTM ADAMS Access ...................................................................... 22717.2 Incidents with links to IDTM................................................................................................. 22717.3 IDTM DCO Reports regarding Russian Athlete Non-Compliance ................................ 22817.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................. 22917.5 IC Findings ................................................................................................................................. 229
Chapter 18: Outcomes of Particular Investigations by IC............................................... 23018.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 23018.2 Background of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) ...................................................... 23118.3 Allegations of Delayed Notification ..................................................................................... 23418.4 Result of the Investigation concerning the ABP Delayed Notification List ................. 23518.4.1 Methodology........................................................................................................................ 23618.4.2 Findings related to Athletes with respect to whom there appear to be no reasonable grounds to believe that extortion occurred ................................................................................ 23718.4.3Athletes the IC investigation has revealed as suspicious.......................................... 23818.4.4 General Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 25518.5 Analysis of suspicious Athletes arising from the ARD documentary and IC Investigation ...................................................................................................................................... 25618.5.1 Ms. Tatyana Myazina ......................................................................................................... 25618.5.2 Ms. Anastasiya Bazdyreva................................................................................................. 25718.5.3 Ms. Ekaterina Poistogova................................................................................................... 25818.5.4 Ms. Kristina Ugarova.......................................................................................................... 25918.5.5 Ms. Mariya Savinova-Farsonova ...................................................................................... 26118.6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 26218.7 Additional IC Findings ............................................................................................................ 264
Chapter 19: The Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation ....................................... 26519.1 IC Interview with Minsport Representative Natalia Zhelanova ..................................... 26519.2 Allegations against Minsport ................................................................................................. 26719.3 IC Meeting with the Russian Minister of Sport ................................................................. 26819.4 IC Findings ................................................................................................................................. 270
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Chapter 20: The World Anti-Doping Agency.................................................................... 27220.1 IC Findings ................................................................................................................................. 275
Chapter 21: Summary of IC Findings.................................................................................. 278With respect to the Moscow laboratory ........................................................................................ 278With respect to RUSADA: ............................................................................................................... 281With respect to ARAF....................................................................................................................... 285With respect to the Russian Federation (Ministry of Sport)..................................................... 293With respect to the IAAF ................................................................................................................. 294With respect to WADA..................................................................................................................... 297With respect to the Lausanne Laboratory..................................................................................... 299Other Findings................................................................................................................................... 300
Chapter 22: Summary of IC recommended sanctions...................................................... 30122.1 Doctor .......................................................................................................................................... 30122.1.1 Dr. Sergey Nikolaevich Portugalov (Chief of the ARAF Medical Commission)....... 30122.2 Coaches........................................................................................................................................ 30122.2.1 Alexey Melnikov (Senior Coach and Head Coach for Russia for endurance) ........... 30122.2.2 Vladimir Kazarin (Russian National Team 800m Coach) ............................................. 30222.2.4 Viktor Chegin (Russian Race Walking Coach) ............................................................... 30222.3 Athletes mentioned in ARD Documentary Subject to IC sanction package................. 30222.3.1 Ekaterina Poistogova (Russian middle distance runner) .............................................. 30222.3.2 Anastasiya Bazdyreva (400m and 800m Russian runner)............................................. 30322.3.3 Mariya Savinova- Farnosova (800m Russian runner) ................................................... 30322.3.4 Kristina Ugarova (1500m Russian runner)...................................................................... 30322.3.5 Tatjana Myazina (800m Russian runner)......................................................................... 30322.4 Other Athletes not mentioned in ARD documentary but investigated as a result of the work of the IC .................................................................................................................................... 30422.4.1 Anna Alminova ................................................................................................................... 30422.4.2 Svetlana Cherkasova........................................................................................................... 30522.4.3 Aleksey (AKA Alexej) Farsonov ....................................................................................... 30622.4.4 Yekaterina Kupina .............................................................................................................. 308
CHAPTER 23: IC Recommendations .................................................................................. 31023.1 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 31023.2 Specific Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 312With respect to the Moscow Laboratory..................................................................................... 312With respect to RUSADA.............................................................................................................. 313With respect to ARAF.................................................................................................................... 315With respect to the Russian Federation ...................................................................................... 317With respect to the IAAF .............................................................................................................. 320With respect to WADA ................................................................................................................. 320
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Glossary
AAF
ABP
ADAMS
ADO
ADRV
ARAF
ATF
CAS
CERA
Code
Adverse Analytical Finding
Athlete Biological Passport
Anti-Doping Administration & Management System
Anti-Doping Organization
Anti-Doping Rule Violation
All-Russian Athletics Federation
Atypical Finding
Court of Arbitration for Sport
Stimulating Agent in ESA class
World Anti-Doping Code
Convention International Convention Against Doping in Sport
CW
DCF
DCO
DDG
EC
ELISA
EPO
Confidential Witness
Doping Control Form
Doping Control Officer
Deputy Director General
IAAF Ethics Commission
Analysis method for CERA only
Erythropoietin
vii
ISU
NF
NOC
ISL
IRMS
EQAS
IF
PAF
OTC
HGB
FSB
IAAF
IEF
viii
HGH
IC
IOC
OOC
IDTM
Russian Security Service
Russian Sports Ministry
ESA
NADO
ISTI
MinSport
ESA test
International Federation
Independent Commission
International Association of Athletics Federations
Human Growth Hormone
Haemoglobin
Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents
External Quality Assessment Scheme (WADA)
National Anti-Doping Organization
National Federation
International Standard for Testing and Investigation
International Skating Union
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometry
International Standard for Laboratories
International Drug Testing Management
International Olympic Committee
Olympic Training Centre (at Saransk)
Presumptive Analytical Finding
National Olympic Committee
Out-of-competition
